Predict the products (name and structure) in the following reactions. CH 3 CH 2 CN → dil . HCl ∆ ? CH 3 CONH 2 → dil . HCl ∆ ? C 6 H 5 - CH 2 - CH 3 → ∆ alk . KMnO 4 ? C 6 H 5 - COO - C 2 H 5 → dil . H 2 SO 4 ∆ ? CH 3 MgBr → dil . HCl dry ice / dry ether ?

The name and structure of the above reactions formed are as follows: CH 3 - CH 2 - CN → dil . HCl ∆ CH 3 - CH 2 - COOH ⏟ Propionic aicd + NH 4 Cl Hydrolysis of cyanide results in the formation of acid. CH 3 CONH 2 → dil . HCl ∆ CH 3 COOH ⏟ Acetic acid + NH 4 Cl In an acidic medium, amide interacts with the water molecule to give a carboxylic acid and the salt of ammonia or amine salt. C 6 H 5 - CH 2 - CH 3 → ∆ alk . KMnO 4 C 6 H 5 - COOH ⏟ Benzoic acid In the above reaction, we see that ethyl benzene gives benzoic acid during the oxidation of ethyl benzene by alk . KMnO 4 . C 6 H 5 - COO - C 2 H 5 → dil . H 2 SO 4 ∆ C 6 H 5 - COOH ⏟ Benzoic acid + C 2 H 5 OH Hydrolysis of an ester gives alcohol and acid. CH 3 MgBr → dil . HCl dry ice / dry ether CH 3 - COOH ⏟ Acetic acid The reaction of Grignard reagent on dry ice followed by acid hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid that is acetic acid.

Write short notes on the stephen reaction.

Alkyl nitriles undergo reduction with the help of tin (II) chloride and hydrochloric acid and form an intermediate imine salt which undergoes hydrolysis with water, giving the final result as aldehydes. R − CN + 2 [ H ] → SnCl 2 / dil . HCl R − CH = NHHCl → H 2 O R − CHO + NH 4 Cl

Explain the following reaction: Cannizzaro reaction

Cannizzaro's reaction: The self oxidation-reduction (disproportionation) reaction of aldehydes which do not have α -hydrogen atom, on treatment with concentrated alkali is known as the Cannizzaro's reaction. In this reaction, two molecules of aldehydes participate where one is reduced to alcohol and the other is oxidised to carboxylic acid. For example, when methanal is treated with concentrated potassium hydroxide, methanol and potassium methanoate are produced. 2 HCHO → Con . KOH CH 3 OH + HCOOK