Explain the working of electric motor with a neat diagram.

The principle of an electric motor is to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. Force on a current-carrying conductor causes this. Working of electric motor: Consider a rectangular coil A B C D placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences a force when a current passes through it and the coil starts rotating in magnetic field. The rectangular coil is connected to the split ring commutators C 1 and C 2 which carries current through brushes B 1 and B 2 . When current passes through coil it starts rotating in the magnetic field, for every half rotation the direction of the electric current in the coil changes that makes the coil continuous rotations in the magnetic field. Hence, the electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.

Explain the underlying principle, working and uses of an electric generator with a labelled diagram.

An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Construction: Consider a rectangular coil placed in between a curve-shaped permanent magnets, coil is attached to the slip rings which are in contact with brushes. Working: When the coil is first turned on, it is at rest with no induced EMF. Current is induced in the coil when it is rotated clockwise, and it flows from point A to point B. The current climbs from zero to maximum during the first quarter of rotation and peaks when the coil is in horizontal position. If we continue to rotate the coil, current diminishes in the second quarter and then becomes zero when the coil reaches vertical position with side B at the top and side A at the bottom. The current created during the second half of the revolution follows the same pattern as the first half, but the direction of current is reversed. Through slip rings attached to the coil, current is drawn from the brushes. For each half cycle, the current generated by this mechanism alternates in direction. As a result, it's known as an AC generator. It converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.

What precautions should be taken to avoid overloading of domestic electric circuit?

Overloading is electrical power consumed by the appliance is greater than the maximum wattage. It leads to short circuit. Precautions to avoid overloading: We should not connect many appliances to the single socket. High rated appliances cannot be used through low rated sockets. Fuse should be connected in series to the live wire.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 13 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current>Gujarat Board-2019>Q 5

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Important Questions on Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR SCIENCE>Chapter 13 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current>Gujarat Board-2020>Q 6

What is electromagnetic induction? A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen in the galvanometer if a bar magnet is (a) pushed into the coil, (b) withdrawn from inside the coil, (c) held stationary inside the coil.