Mutation is a sudden heritable change occur in the chromosome of an individual. It is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to errors during DNA replication or as the result of environmental factors that serve as mutagens. There are basic four types of mutations: Germline or Somatic mutations Chromosomal alterations Point mutations change a single nucleotide Frameshift mutations

Permanent and inheritable change in the genetic material of cell

Temporary change in the genetic material of the cell

Any change in the cytoplasm of cell

Mutations are the sudden inheritable and irreversible changes in the genetic makeup of an individual. Any chemical, physical agent, ionising radiations or such substances that can cause mutations are called mutagens.

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When adenine is replaced by guanine in a mutation then it is called?

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Important Questions on Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Point mutation is caused in which of the following diseases?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

The movement of a gene from one linkage group to another is called:

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Virulent forms of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen, some strains of which cause “flesh-eating disease”. Earlier the antibiotic Penicillin was used to control this pathogen. After some years Penicillin was ineffective. Hence, a powerful antibiotic-Methicillin was used in treatments. Subsequently, Methicillin also became ineffective and the strains showed resistance to multiple antibiotics also called “multi-drug resistance”. Which one of the following statements regarding the development of multi-drug resistance is correct?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Explain the type of gene mutation in the DNA sequence given below.

ATGCATGC $\to$ ATGAATGC

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

The mutation of a purine to a pyrimidine is known as

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

How does mutation occur?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

What is mutation?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Write note on point or gene mutation.

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

A spontaneous mutation results in a couple having only female progeny. When the daughter marries and has children, none of them are males. However, in the third generation, there are few male offspring. What is the most likely explanation of this observation?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Select the incorrect statement on Mutations ?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Match the following lists:

	List $I$		List $II$
A)	Change in single base pair of DNA	$I)$	Recombination
B)	Deletions of base pairs of DNA	$II)$	Genetic map
C)	Generation of non-parental gene combination	$III)$	Point mutations
D)	The frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome	$IV)$	Frame-shift mutations

The correct match is

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

The mechanism that causes a gene to move from one linkage group to another is called:

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

A $DNA$ sequence undergoes three subsequent point mutations which result in subsequent changes in transcription of $mRNA$ as shown below:
Original $mRNA : AUG CAU CUC ACG GAU UAG$

Point mutation $1 : AUG CAU CUU ACG GUA UAG$

Point mutation $2 : AUG CAU GCU UAC GGU AUA$

Point mutation $3 : AUG CAU GCU UAA GGU AUA$

Select the correct sequence of point mutations that occurred in the $DNA$ .

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Given below is a representation of a kind of chromosomal mutation. What is the kind of mutation represented?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

What is mutation?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Polyploidy can be developed artificially by

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

Gene mutation is caused by

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

In a cell, the number of chromosomes is the same, but the amount of DNA content has changed from C to 2C. Also, the amount of histones in the cell becomes double. In which stage of the cell cycle, this process could have happened?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

What is mutagen?

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Biology>Genetics and Evolution>Principles of Inheritance and Variation>Mutation

What is non-disjunction?

When adenine is replaced by guanine in a mutation then it is called?

Important Questions on Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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