Match the following lists: List - I List - II (A) Back cross It is the genetic make up of an individual. (B) Test cross (II) An individual is having two different alleles for a single character. Consequently, it will produce two different types of gametes with reference to a gene. (C) Heterozygote (III) An individual is having two similar or identical alleles for a single character. Hence, it will produce only one kind of gametes with reference to a gene. (D) Homozygote (IV) If the F 1 progeny are mated back to one of their parents. (V) The cross between F 1 progeny (or heterozygotes) and their recessive homozygous parent. The correct match is:

A = IV , B = V , C = II , D = III

A = IV , B = V , C = I , D = II

A = V , B = III , C = I , D = II

A = V , B = IV , C = II , D = I

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

A true breeding plant is:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Suppose the three non-linked autosomal genes

A, B

and

C

control coat colour in an animal and the dominants alleles

A, B

and

C

are responsible for dark colour and the recessive alleles

a, b

and

c

are responsible for light colour. If a cross between a male of

AABBCC

genotype and a female of

aabbcc

genotype produces

640

offsprings in the

F_{2}

-generation, how many of them are likely to be of the parental genotype?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Give appropriate biological or technical terms for the following:

The condition in which a pair of chromosomes carry similar alleles of a particular character.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Explain the following term:
Phenotype.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

If the gene pool of the locus X in the human genome is 4, then what would be the highest possible number of genotypes in a large population?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

What is reciprocal cross?

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

The following question has four choices. Choose the best option.

Study the given monohybrid cross

A test cross for this F1 will be:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Explain the terms phenotype and genotype.

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

A plant with genotype AABBCC is crossed with another plant with aabbcc genotype. How many different genotypes of pollens is possible in an

F_{1}

plant if these three loci follow an independent assortment?

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

How many types of gametes can be produced by individual with the genotype AAbb?

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

How will you find that F1 Hybrid is homozygous or heterozygous? Explain it with suitable example.

HARD

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Who is known as the father of Genetics?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Identify which one of the following is a test cross.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Write any two differences between genotype and phenotype.

EASY

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

What is the genetic nature of wrinkled phenotype of pea seeds?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Define test cross and draw diagram.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

What is test cross? Show phenotypic ratio 1:1 in a monohybrid test cross through punnett square.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Assertion (A): In human beings, the sex of the offspring depends on the type of sperm that fertilizes the ovum
Reason (R): Human males are heterogametic
The correct option among the following is

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

Match the following lists:

	List - I		List - II
(A)	Back cross		It is the genetic make up of an individual.
(B)	Test cross	(II)	An individual is having two different alleles for a single character. Consequently, it will produce two different types of gametes with reference to a gene.
(C)	Heterozygote	(III)	An individual is having two similar or identical alleles for a single character. Hence, it will produce only one kind of gametes with reference to a gene.
(D)	Homozygote	(IV)	If the $F_{1}$ progeny are mated back to one of their parents.
		(V)	The cross between $F_{1}$ progeny (or heterozygotes) and their recessive homozygous parent.

The correct match is:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits>Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.>Variation of Traits - Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.

The minimum number of plants to be screened to obtain a plant of the genotype

AabbCcDd

from a cross between plants of genotypes

AaBbCcDd

and

AABbCCDd

is:

Which ONE of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Important Questions on Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

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