Complete the following table: Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (i) Thyroxine

Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (i)Thyroid Thyroxine Regulation of BMR Goitre The thyroid gland consists of two symmetrical lateral lobes, and each lobe consists of many sacs called thyroid follicles. This gland secretes three hormones, which are thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are collectively called thyroid hormones that play primary functions in regulating metabolism, growth, BMR, etc. Goitre is a condition in which the thyroid gland swells, resulting in the appearance of a lump in the front of the neck. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The deficiency of iodine in the diet causes low secretion of thyroid hormones from the gland.

Complete the following table: Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (ii) Cushing's syndrome

Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (ii) Adrenal cortex Cortisol Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein Cushing's syndrome The adrenal cortex produces about 30 different kinds of steroid hormones. They are of three types: (i) Mineralocorticoids, (ii) Glucocorticoids, (iii) Sex corticoids

Complete the following table: Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (iii) Pancreas ( β cells)

Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (iii) Pancreas ( β cells ) Insulin Decreases blood sugar level Diabetes mellitus The pancreas is a leaf-shaped large gland present beneath the stomach.

Complete the following table: Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (iv) Diabetes insipidus

Gland/Organ Hormone Function Disorder (iv) Posterior Pituitary ADH Reabsorption of water from specific parts of the renal tubules. Diabetes insipidus The neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary releases two neurohormones into the blood, which are oxytocin and ADH or vasopressin. ADH regulates the tonicity of body fluids by increasing water absorption in DCT and CT parts of the nephron. Low or lack of secretion of ADH can cause a disorder called diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when the body's fluid level is imbalanced due to an abnormally high volume of urine discharge from the body.