List below shows electronic configuration of elements A to D : Element Electronic configuration A 1 B 2 , 1 C 2 , 4 D 2 , 8 , 7 By drawing structural diagrams show the formation of compounds between, (i) A and B (ii) A and D (iii) A and C (iv) B and C (v) B and D (vi) C and D

A is hydrogen, B is Lithium, C is carbon, D is chlorine. (i) Bond formed between A and B is an ionic bond. Lithium donates one electron to hydrogen and attains a stable electronic configuration of Helium and forms lithium cation and hydrogen forms hydride anion. The bond formed between these two atoms is an ionic bond. (ii) Bond formed between A and D is a covalent bond. Chlorine has seven electrons in its outermost orbit. It requires one electron to complete its octet. So, chlorine shares one electron with hydrogen and forms a covalent bond. (iii) Bond formed between A and C is a covalent bond. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost orbit. It shares four electrons with four hydrogen atoms and forms four single covalent bond. (iv) Bond formed between B and C is an ionic bond. Lithium donates electron and carbon accept electron to complete its octet. Li + ( C 2 - 2 ) Li + (v) Bond formed between B and D is ionic bond. Lithium donates one electron to chlorine and forms lithium cation and chlorine gains one electron to complete its octet. The bond formed between these two atoms is ionic bond. Li · → · Cl Li + : Cl - Li + Cl - (vi) Bond formed between C and D is a covalent bond. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost orbit. It shares four electrons with four chlorine atoms and forms four single covalent bond.

E M B I B E

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 4

EASY

10th CBSE

IMPORTANT

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Why does carbon form compound mainly by covalent bonding?

Important Questions on Carbon and its Compounds

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10th CBSE

IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 4

List any two reasons for carbon forming a very large number of compounds.

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10th CBSE

IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 5

Allotropy is a property shown by which class of substances, elements, compounds or mixtures? Give one example of allotropy.

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Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 6

In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots.
(a) The atomic number of chlorine is

17

. Write its electronic configuration
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.

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IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 7

Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.

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Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 1

List below shows electronic configuration of elements $A to D$ :

Element	Electronic configuration
$A$	$1$
$B$	$2, 1$
$C$	$2, 4$
$D$	$2, 8, 7$

By drawing structural diagrams show the formation of compounds between,
(i) A and B
(ii) A and D
(iii) A and C
(iv) B and C
(v) B and D
(vi) C and D

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10th CBSE

IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 2

Name a molecule of an element that has :
(i) One covalent bond.
(ii) Two covalent bonds.
(iii) Three covalent bonds.

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IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 3

(i) Why do covalent compounds occur in the form of gases or liquids?

(ii) Why do covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?

(iii) Why are covalent compounds either bad or poor conductors of electricity?

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10th CBSE

IMPORTANT

Core Science Chemistry>Chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds>EXERCISE 4A>Q 4

Distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds under the following properties:
(i) strength of forces between the constitutional elements.
(ii) solubility of compounds in water.
(iii) electric conduction in substances.

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