The stereoisomers related to each other as non-superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers. Enantiomers possess identical physical properties namely, melting point, boiling point, refractive index, etc. They only differ with respect to the rotation of plane polarised light. If one of the enantiomers is dextrorotatory, the other will be laevorotatory. Consider the following example:

How is ethanol prepared from the following compound? Bromoethane

Ethanol can be prepared from bromoethane by reacting with aqueous potassium hydroxide by the following reaction: C 2 H 5 Br + KOH aq → C 2 H 5 - OH + KBr In the above reaction, the exchange of bromide ion with hydroxide ion takes place. It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Write the chemical reaction of chlorobenzene with respect to: Nitration

Nitration of chlorobenzene takes place by the following reaction when it heating with concentrated HNO 3 in the presence of concentrated H 2 SO 4 , In the above reaction, 1 -Chloro- 4 -nitrobenzene forms as a major product.

Write the chemical reaction of chlorobenzene with respect to: Acetylation

Acetylation of chlorobenzene takes place by the following reaction when it is treated with acteyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl 3 as a catalyst, In the above reaction, 4 -Chloroacetophenone forms as a major product.

Write the chemical reaction of chlorobenzene with respect to: Sulphonation

Sulphonation can take place by the following reaction by heating chlorobenzene with fuming H 2 SO 4 , In the above reaction, 4 -chlorobenzene sulfonic acid is a major product. This reaction takes place at high temperature.