Name: Control and Coordination
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 38 min 51 s
Description: There are various systems in our body that help in running it. Let's learn about our body's chemical and electrical messengers, which govern the multiple sys...

Question

Write a short note on neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurons or nerve cells are fundamental units of the nervous system. Neurons vary in shape, size, and other features. The neuron is considered the largest cell in the human body. However, a neuron's common and basic structure is that it consists of a cell body, an axon and dendrites.

Cell body: The cell body often called cyton or perikaryon. A fine plasma membrane covers the surface of the cell body and the cytoplasmic matrix of the nerve cell is known as neuroplasm. The cyton contains a spherical nucleus with a large nucleolus. It also contains special bodies called Nissl granules, made up of neurofibrils, Golgi bodies (apparatus), ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc.

Axon: Axon or nerve fibre is a long fibre-like efferent process. Axons end in fine branches known as axon terminals. Axon arises from a special protuberance on the cell body known as the axon hillock. The cytoplasm of the axon is known as axoplasm, which is covered by a fine plasma membrane known as axolemma. The axon terminal makes contact with other neurons to form synapse or with muscle to form a neuromuscular junction.

Dendrite: Besides the axon, one or shorter branched afferent processes come out of a cell body called dendrites. It also contains Nissl granules and neurofibrils. The dendrites serve to carry messages to the cell body.

Write a short note on neurons.

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