Write balanced equations for the following conversions Cyclopropane carboxylic acid to cyclopropylmethanol.

Strong reducing agents like aluminium hydride or diborane reduces cyclopropane carboxylic acid to cyclopropyl methanol.

Explain the mechanism of aldol addition reaction. Mention two uses of carboxylic acids.

Aldehyde containing at least one alpha hydrogen undergoes an aldol addition reaction. This reaction in nothing but self aldol condensation. In this reaction, an aldehyde undergoes a reaction in the presence of dilute NaOH or KOH to form a β -hydroxy aldehyde that is also known as aldol. Then formed aldol undergoes a subsequent elimination of water molecule and gives α , β -unsaturated aldehyde. There are the following two uses of carboxylic acid, 1 They are used for the manufacture of soaps and detergents. 2 Acids like benzoic and propanoic acids are used as food preservatives.

Identify ' A ’ and ' B ’ in the following reaction:

From the above reactions, first, benzene reacts with acetyl chloride in the presence of Lewis acid AlCl 3 to form acetophenone. This reaction is known as Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. After that formed acetophenone undergoes Wolff-Kishner reduction to form the final product which is ethylbenzene and water is also formed as a side product. Therefore, A is acetophenone and B is ethylbenzene in the given reaction.