Name two water-soluble vitamins and the diseases caused by their deficiency in the diet of an individual.

Water soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and the vitamin B complex. Vitamin C is needed for the growth and development of the body. It is also used to form proteins that are used to make skin ligaments and tendons. It helps in healing wounds and scars and acts as an antioxidant. A very well known disease known as scurvy occurs due to the deficiency of vitamin C and mainly occurs in old people and malnourished adults. Lack of vitamin B causes anemia, skin irritation, insomnia, diarrhea and weakness.

Name the purine bases and pyrimidine bases present in RNA and DNA.

The ratio of purine and pyrimidine is always constant due to the property of complementary pairing which states that pyrimidine will always bind to purine. The purines in DNA are adenine and guanine, the same as in RNA. Pyrimidines are of three types but only one that is Cytosine is present in both DNA and RNA. The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine. In RNA, they are cytosine and uracil.