The diagram given below represents an endocrine gland in the human body. Study the diagram and answer the following questions: (i) Identify the endocrine gland. Where is it located? (ii) Why is the above gland referred to as the ‘Master gland’? (iii) Name the hormone which in deficiency causes Diabetes Insipidus. How does this disorder differ from Diabetes Mellitus? (iv) Explain the term ‘Hormone’. What is the role of Tropic hormones in the human body? (v) Which lobe of the above gland secretes: 1.Oxytocin 2.ACTH 3.Growth hormone

(i) The endocrine gland given in the diagram is the Pituitary gland. Through secretion of its hormones, the pituitary gland controls metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure and many other vital physical functions and processes. It is located at the base of the mid-brain below hypothalamus. (ii) The pituitary gland is called master gland of the body because it is responsible for the release of that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands and bodily systems. (iii) Diabetes insipidus occurs when the body can't regulate how it handles fluids. The condition is caused by a hormonal abnormality and isn't related to diabetes. Deficiency of ADH causes diabetes insipidus in which urination is frequent. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to the deficiency of Insulin in which urine contains sugar. (iv) Hormones are chemical messengers released from endocrine glands. Hormones is transported by bloods and acts on target organs or cells. Tropic hormone secreted by pituitary gland and stimulates other endocrine gland to secrete their hormone. (v) Oxytocin- Posterior pituitary ACTH- Anterior pituitary Growth hormone- Anterior pituitary

Complete the table: Name of the hormone Endocrine Gland Function (i) (ii) Deposits extra glucose of blood as glycogen Growth hormone (iii) (iv) (v) Thyroid (vi) (vii) (viii) Prepare the body for any emergency Oxytocin (ix) (x)

Name of the hormone Endocrine Gland Function Insulin Pancreas Deposits extra glucose of blood as glycogen Growth hormone Anterior pituitary gland It controls the growth of our body Thyroxine Thyroid It plays vital roles in digestion, muscle and heart (it is a muscular organ) function, brain development Adrenaline Adrenal gland Prepare the body for any emergency Oxytocin Pituitary gland It is involved in childbirth and breast-feeding

Expand the following biological abbreviation: TSH

Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine gland directly into the blood. The full form of TSH is a Thyroid-stimulating hormone. They are secreted by the thyroid gland, which is located in front of the neck. The functions of the thyroid hormones are as follows: Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolic rate of the body. They also help with protein synthesis.