Name: Cracking the Code: Human Genome Project
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 9 min 20 s
Description: Human Genome Project is to sequence the entire human genome containing 3 x 10^9 bp. This application of genetic engineering and bioinformatics took 13 long y...

Question

Write the salient features of &lsquo;HGP&rsquo;.

Accepted Answer

Some of the salient observations drawn from human genome project are as follows:

1) The human genome contains $3164.7$ million nucleotide bases.

2) The average gene consists of $3000$ bases, but sizes vary greatly, with the largest known human gene being the one that codes for the protein called dystrophin.

3) The total number of genes is estimated at $30, 000$ . Almost all ( $99.9 %$ ) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people.

4) The functions are unknown for over $50 %$ of the genes discovered.

5) Less than $2$ per cent of the genome codes for proteins.

6) Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human genome.

7) Repetitive sequences are stretches of DNA sequences that are repeated many times. They are thought to have no direct coding functions, but they shed light on chromosome structure, dynamics and evolution.

8) Chromosome 1 has the highest number of genes ( $2, 968$ ), and the Y- chromosome has the fewest genes ( $231$ ).

9) Scientists have identified about $1.4$ million locations where single base DNA differences (SNPs) occur in humans. This information promises to revolutionise the processes of finding chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and tracing human history.

Write the salient features of ‘HGP’.

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