Arun Sharma and Meenakshi Upadhyay Solutions for Chapter: New Verbal Question Types, Exercise 12: Exercise

The passage is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text.

Researchers in the US followed 90,000 nurses over 20 years who reported their diet in early adulthood. Half of the nurses involved also reported their typical diet throughout their adolescence. Researchers drew a link between high fruit consumption of 2.9 vs. 0.5 daily servings and about 25% reduced risk of breast cancer diagnosis in midlife. Drinking fruit juice didn't appear to affect disease risk but eating apples, bananas, grapes, oranges and kale was associated with the greatest reduction in risk, according to a news release.

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Scientists who study emotional reactions like crying have found that women have much smaller tear ducts than men. Both sexes may have a strong reaction to something but men's tear ducts are so big that the liquid stays put and eventually drains away. In women, the tears quickly overwhelm the duct and spill out down their cheeks. But, as females grow old, the size of their tear ducts becomes almost equal to that of their male counterparts. So, there is not much difference in a crying pattern based on gender in older people. 

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In some communities, elections for local office are held separately from all federal and state elections, so that the electorate pays attention to the local issues. However, in those cases, while citizens face shorter ballots, they are asked to go to the polls much more often, with a consequent drop-off in turnout. Citizens in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where state elections are held separately from federal elections and local elections are held separately from state elections, were asked to go to the polls 11 times in the 2003-04 biennium. Citizens have the right to express their views, but because they are asked to so often, many choose not to exercise the franchise.

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Nestlé has failed in an attempt to convince European judges to let it trademark the shape of the four-fingered version of a KitKat in the UK. The European court of justice ruled that the KitKat's shape was not distinctive enough for consumers to associate it with the chocolate covered wafer. Nestlé is not seeking to trademark its two-fingered version of KitKat.

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Dementia is in the public and political spotlight like never before, as society wakes up to the fact that it poses one of the greatest threats to the health and wealth of our country. The numbers are stark: 8,50,000 people in the UK are currently living with dementia, at an estimated cost of more than £26bn a year. By 2021, 1 million people will have the condition. In response, there have been many commitments from the UK government and charities, which include making significantly more funding available for research.

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Tourism officials have closed a newly opened glass walkway in a central China tourism spot after cracks appeared in the structure at the height of the week-long National Day holiday. The glass walkway in Henan province's Yuntaishan scenic area had been supporting dozens of tourists on Monday when the cracks appeared with a loud bang. A single pane of the 68-m-long (223 ft) section shattered into coin-sized segments, according to footage on state broadcaster CCTV. The area's management bureau said on its microblog on Thursday that there was no threat to safety because only one of the three layers of glass that make up the walkway was damaged.

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Thai holiday island of Phuket has been plunged into a poisonous grey haze caused by illegal forest fires in neighbouring Indonesia. Reduced visibility caused passenger planes from Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, and destined for Phuket airport to turn around on Thursday. The noxious fumes which have been spreading for weeks have shut down many other parts of south-east Asia. Schools have been closed in Malaysia and races in Singapore for the swimming world cup-the FINA world championship were cancelled on Saturday. A marathon in Malaysia on Sunday was also abandoned.

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Many meanings attach to the word democracy. If there is one true meaning then it is, indeed, as Plato might have said, stored up in heaven; but unhappily has not yet been communicated to us. The word is what some philosophers have called 'an essentially contested concept', one of those terms we can never all agree to define in the same way because the very definition carries a different social, moral or political agenda. But somehow, nowadays at least, we cannot live without it.