Question

Explain how field is prepared

Accepted Answer

To ensure a good crop yield the soil should be prepared before sowing the seeds.
There are three steps involved in soil preparation
(1) Ploughing
(2) Levelling
(3) Adding manures and fertilisers.

(1) Ploughing:

The process of losenningand turning of soil is called ploughing.The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface. Ploughing allows burying weeds and the remains of previous crops and allowing them to decay. It’s done by a plough, hoe or cultivator.
Advantages of ploughing
(1) It provides aeration to the roots as air spaces are crated.
(2) Roots can grow deep into the soil.
(3) Helps in growth of earth worms and microbes in soil which making the soil humus rich.
(4) Ploughing brings nutrients rich soil on the top, so plants can absorb it easily.

(2) Levelling:

After ploughing the process which make the surface of soil uniform is known as levelling. It is done with the help of a wooden or iron leveller.
Advantages of levelling
(1) Bigger chunks of soil are broken down to smaller pieces.
(2) Prevention of soil erosion by wind or water.
(3) Promotes uniform irrigation thus helping in water conservation and prevents water.

(3) Adding manures and fertilisers:
Substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manures and fertilisers.

-> Manure : An organic compound obtained from the decomposition of animal and plant wastes, is termed as manure. It can be two types.
(1) Compost :- Dead plant and animal matter which decomposed by microbes and turned into manure is known as compost.
(2) Farmyard manure :- Mixture of farmyard wastes such as cattle dung, urine crop wastes after in the sun is known as farmyard manure.

-> Fertilisers: Inorganic chemicals produced in factories, rich in nutrient are called fertilisers. They are easy to use and store and increase the crop yield.
But excessive use of fertiliser make soil less fertile.

Advantages of using manure over fertilisers
(1) Manure enhances water holding capacity of soil.
(2) Manure makes the soil porous.
(3) Manure makes the soil rich in humus.
(4) Manure increases the no. of friendly microbes.
(5) It improves the soil texture.
(6) It improves the water retaining capacity of soil.

Subject Experts Solutions for Chapter: Crop Production and Management, Exercise 2: Chapter Review

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