NCERT Solutions for Chapter: Biotechnology and Its Applications, Exercise 3: SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.

Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any two diagnostic kits based upon them.

ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody interaction. Can this technique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a genetic disorder, such as phenylketonuria?

How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its prohormone form?

Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a normal gene into the individual. By this, the normal function can be restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product (protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give reason for your answer.

Transgenic animals are the animals in which a foreign gene is expressed. Such animals can be used to study the fundamental biological process, phenomenon as well as for producing products useful for mankind. Give one example for each type.

When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?

Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?