Graph of a reversible process; N 2 + 3 H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3 + Heat is given. Analyse the graph and answer the following question. Identify the part of the graph which represents the forward reaction [ OA, BA, AC]

BA part of the graph represents the forward reaction. The forward reaction speeds up temporarily as a result of the addition of reactants. The position of equilibrium shifts as more ammonia ( NH 3 ) is produced. The concentration of ammonia increases, while the concentration of N 2 and H 2 decreases. The forward reaction in the production of ammonia is exothermic.

Graph of a reversible process; is given. Analyse the graph and answer the following question. Identify the part of the graph which represents the equilibrium state?

AC part of the graph represents the equilibrium state. At equilibrium, the rates of forward and backward reactions become equal. Even at equilibrium, the reactant molecules react to form product molecules and product molecules react to form reactant molecules. Hence, equilibrium is said to be dynamic equilibrium at the molecular level.

Graph of a reversible process; is given. Analyse the graph and answer the following question. Identify the part of the graph which represents the equilibrium state?

AC part of the graph represents the equilibrium state. At equilibrium, the rates of forward and backward reactions become equal. Even at equilibrium, the reactant molecules react to form product molecules and product molecules react to form reactant molecules. Hence, equilibrium is said to be dynamic equilibrium at the molecular level.

Graph of a reversible process; N 2 + 3 H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3 + Heat is given. Analyse the graph and answer the following question. Identify the part of the graph which represents the forward reaction [ OA, BA, AC]

BA part of the graph represents the forward reaction. The forward reaction speeds up temporarily as a result of the addition of reactants. The position of equilibrium shifts as more ammonia ( NH 3 ) is produced. The concentration of ammonia increases, while the concentration of N 2 and H 2 decreases. The forward reaction in the production of ammonia is exothermic.

If we show a red litmus paper over ammonia gas, what changes can be observed?

Ammonia gas ( NH 3 ) ) turns red litmus paper blue. A solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. The solution of ammonia in water is basic (alkaline) in nature.

Which are the chemicals used to prepare ammonia in the laboratory?

The chemicals used to prepare ammonia gas in the laboratory are- Ammonium chloride ( NH 4 Cl ) and Calcium hydroxide Ca ( OH ) 2 . The reactants i.e. ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide are ground together and heated slowly in a round bottom flask with its neck sloping downwards. The chemical equation is given below. 2 NH 4 Cl ( s ) + Ca ( OH ) 2 ( s ) → Heat 2 NH 3 ( g ) + CaCl 2 ( s ) + 2 H 2 O ( g )

H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( g ) ⇌ 2 HI ( g ) What is the effect of pressure in this reversible reaction? Explain.

Pressure has no effect in this reversible reaction. In this equation, there is no change in the number of moles of the reactants and the products as a result of forward and backward reaction. In such reaction pressure will not have any effect on the equilibrium state.

H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( g ) ⇌ 2 HI ( g ) What is the total number of moles of reactants and products in the above reaction?

Number of moles of reactants = 2 moles of Hydrogen and 2 moles of Iodine Number of moles of product = 2 moles of Hydrogen Iodide. When the total number of moles of products is equal to the total number of moles of reactants pressure has no effect on equilibrium.

What happens to the rate of forward reaction of the equilibrium, 2 SO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇌ 2 SO 3 ( g ) + Heat during the following situations? (a) increase in temperature (b) SO 3 is removed (c) pressure is decreased

(a) Rate of forward reaction decreases with increase in temperature as the reaction is exothermic. (b) When SO 3 is removed, then according to Le-Chatlier's principle the reaction shift in the forward direction to yield more product. Rate of forward reaction thus increases when SO 3 is removed. (c) Rate of forward reaction decreases when pressure is decreased. When pressure is decreased then according to Le-Chatlier's principle, the reaction proceed in that direction where number of moles increases. In this reaction, the number of moles of reactant is more than the product. Thus, the reaction will proceed in the backward direction.