Name the site(s) of pyruvate synthesis. Also, write the chemical reaction wherein pyruvic acid dehydrogenase acts as a catalyst.

In the following flowchart, replace the symbols a, b, c and d with appropriate terms. Briefly explain the process and give any two applications of it.

Given diagram is showing ATP synthesis during aerobic respiration. Replace the symbols $A, B, C, D$ and $E$ by appropriate terms given in the box.

${\mathrm{F}}_1,$ Particle, $\mathrm{Pi},2{\mathrm{H}}^{*},$ Inner mitochondrial membrane, $\mathrm{ATP},{\mathrm{F}}_0$ particle, ADP