Observe the table in which the sizes of different DNA fragments are given and answer the questions: DNA fragments A B C Size (in base pairs) 700 1500 3000 (a) In the process of separating DNA fragments, which fragment moves faster? (b) Explain the process of separating the DNA fragments.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. (a) In the process of separating DNA fragments, base pair 700 that is represented by A will move faster. The smaller DNA can move through pores present in gel in electrophoresis than the bigger DNA fragments. DNA base pair C will move slowest. (b) Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode.

Identify the relation in the Indicator (A) and complete (B) accordingly. Indicator (A) Indicator (B) DNA RNA Deoxyribose Sugar (i) ATGC (ii)

DNA and RNA are the genetic material of living organisms and are found to be present in the nucleus of the cells. The sugar molecules are different in both nucleic acids. RNA has ribose sugar while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. They are also different in terms of nitrogenous bases, RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. Indicator (A) Indicator (B) DNA RNA Deoxyribose Sugar Ribose sugar ATGC AUGC

DNA is a genetic material present in all living organisms. It is a double helix. It contains deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen bases and a phosphate group. It is located in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA is enclosed by a chromosome with histone proteins.