The strength of a bond is related to the size of the atoms and electronegativity. Interpret the general pattern of the elements in the periodic table to make a scientifically supported judgment about which of the following pair of covalent bonds below is likely to have the larger dipole: 

a $\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}$ bond or a $\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{F}$ bond.

The strength of a bond is related to the size of the atoms and electronegativity. Interpret the general pattern of the elements in the periodic table to make a scientifically supported judgment about which of the following pair of covalent bonds below is likely to have the larger dipole: 

a $\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{Cl}$ bond or $\mathrm{Cl}-\mathrm{Cl}$ bond.

Use a labelled diagram to describe how different types of bonds result in the different physical properties of two allotropes of carbon, graphite and diamond. 

Hydrated cobalt($\mathrm{II}$) chloride $\left({\mathrm{CoCl}}_2.6{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\right)$ is pink but anhydrous cobalt($\mathrm{II}$) chloride $\left({\mathrm{CoCl}}_2\right)$ is blue. Suggest how this compound might be used to determine the probability of rain. 

Analyse the information in the following table and make scientifically supported judgments about the nature of the bonds between atoms in the first three molecules, compared to the nature of the bonds between atoms in the second group of three molecules.

 (Note: The relative molecular mass is calculated by adding the relative atomic mass (RAM) of all the atoms together. The table shows two groups of three molecules with similar molecular mass, and their boiling and melting points)

Explain how the physical and chemical properties of substances are consequences of the following type of bond: 

Metallic bond. 

Explain how the physical and chemical properties of substances are consequences of the following type of bond: 

Ionic bond.

Explain how the physical and chemical properties of substances are consequences of the following type of bond: 

London (dispersion) forces and intermolecular forces. 

Explain how the physical and chemical properties of substances are consequences of the following type of bond: 

Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular forces.