Name: Biotechnology
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 14 min 32 s
Description: Biotechnology is exploited in genetic engineering to alter and manipulate the genome as per requirement. Insulin synthesis is a remarkable application. Watch...

Question

Write a brief note on Restriction endonuclease.

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease also referred to as restriction enzyme or Molecular scissors. These are proteins that are produced by bacteria that cleave DNA at specific sites along the molecule. It is a sequence of approximately $6 - 8$ base pairs of DNA that bind to the enzyme. Each restriction enzyme recognizes a short, specific sequence of nucleotide bases. These regions are called recognition sequences and, are randomly distributed throughout the DNA. When the enzyme finds these sequences, they make a double-stranded cut near the restriction sites. The two types of cuts are done, the sticky ends and the blunt cuts. Sticky ends have single-stranded over-hanging ends, while the blunt cuts straight down the middle of a target sequence and leaves no overhang.

There are three major types of restriction enzymes. $Type I$ restriction enzymes, cut DNA at random sites, $type II$ restriction enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites hence, $type II$ enzymes became important tools in genetic engineering, and $type III$ restriction enzymes have been demonstrated to cleave DNA with a single recognition site on a linear DNA.

Write a brief note on Restriction endonuclease.

Important Questions on Principles and Process of Biotechnology

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