Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism

Write a short note on mesomeric effect.

Comment upon the statement that the usual order of inductive effects of alkyl groups is generally reversed when attached to a double bond or benzene ring. Name the involved electronic effect and illustrate your answer with suitable examples.

How does inductive and hyperconjugation effects explain the stability of primary, secondary and tertiary carbocations?

How does hyperconjugation effect explain the stability of alkenes?

What is resonance effect? What are its various types? In what respect, does the resonance effect differ from inductive effect?

Give two examples of nucleophilic reagents.

Give two examples of electrophilic reagents.

What is hyperconjugation? How does it differ from resonance?

Give the main points of difference between inductive effect and electromeric effect.

Define inductive effect. Explain with the help of this effect that chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid.

Explain briefly the electromeric effect.

Electromeric effect:

Which of the following is an electrophile?

A nucleophile must necessarily have:

The resonating structures:

Out of the following conditions for resonance is wrong.

Which of the following properties is most commonly possessed by nucleophiles?

Which of the following is an electrophile?

Which of the following series contains only nucleophile?$$

Which of the following represents only nucleophiles?

$\left(\mathrm{i}\right) {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}, {\mathrm{RCOO}}^{-}, {\mathrm{BF}}_3 \left(\mathrm{ii}\right) {{\mathrm{NO}}_2}^{+},{\mathrm{Cl}}^{+}, {\mathrm{RO}}^{-} \left(\mathrm{iii}\right) {\mathrm{X}}^{-}, \mathrm{R}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{R}, {\mathrm{RNH}}_2$