Types of Questions in Reading Comprehension

Study the following information and answer the question given below:

Twelve friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L were born in different months of the same year. A was born in the month of April and G was born in the month of August. J was born the month immediately preceding the month in which K was born and immediately succeeding the month in which C was born. J was not born in the month of October nor in February. There is a gap of two months between the birthdays of L and B. There were $30$ Days in the month in which L was born. D was born in the month immediately after the month in which I was born. There were $31$ Days in the month in which D was born. There is a gap of one month between the birthdays of B and F. E and H were born in that months which had $31$ Days each.

In which of the following months B was born ?

Read the passage carefully and answer the following question.

The assault on the purity of the environment is the price that we pay for many of the benefits of modern technology. For the advantage of automotive transportation, we pay a price in smog-induced diseases; for the powerful effects of new insecticides, we pay a price in dwindling wildlife and disturbances in the relation of living things and their surroundings; for nuclear power, we risk the biological hazards of radiation. By increasing agricultural production with fertilizers, we worsen the water pollution. The highly developed nations of the world are not only the immediate beneficiaries of the good that technology can do, but they are also the first victims of environmental diseases that technology breeds. In the past, the environmental effects which accompanied technological progress were restricted to a small, and relatively short time, the new hazards neither local nor brief. Modern air pollution covers vast areas of continents: Radioactive fallout from the nuclear explosion is worldwide. Radioactive pollutants now on the earth surface will be found there for generations, and in case of Carbon-14, for thousands of years.

According to the passage the increasing use of fertilizers is responsible for _____.

Directions: In each of the following questions part of a sentence is in bold. Four alternative meanings of the highlighted part of the sentence are given below the sentence. Mark as your answer that alternative meaning which you think is correct.

This happens every time I start the engine up. I tell you I can't be doing with it.

Read the passage carefully and answer the following question given below.

The old workman gave the younger workman the use of his shop: Andrei Tarkovsky came to Sweden to shoot a movie on the island of Faro, the same island where Ingmar Bergman lives and makes most of his films.Tarkovsky's film was produced by the Swedish Film Institute, it was photographed by Sven Nykvist, Bergman's cinematographer, and it starred Erland Josephson who has acted in many Bergman films.There are moments when the resulting film, "The Sacrifice," looks uncannily like a work by Bergman, and I think that is intentional: Tarkovsky, the visitor, an exile from Russia, was working with Bergman's materials and subjects in much the same way that an itinerant Renaissance painter might briefly stop and submerge himself in the school of a master.

Yet Tarkovsky is a master, too. With Bergman, he is one of the five living filmmakers who have concerned themselves primarily with ultimate issues of human morality (the others are Akira Kurosawa, Satyaijit Ray and Robert Bresson). He is the greatest Russian filmmaker since Sergei Eisenstein, and yet he stands outside the Soviet tradition of materialism and dares to say that he is spiritual, that he can "still be summoned by an Inner Voice." These days, it takes more courage for an artist to admit his spiritual beliefs than to deny them.When Tarkovsky made "The Sacrifice," he knew that he was gravely ill. Now he lies dying in a Paris hospital with a brain tumour. He did not choose a small subject for his final statement. His film is about a man who learns, or dreams, that the bombers have gone on their way to unleash World War III. He offers his own life as a sacrifice, if only his family can be spared.The movie is not easy to watch, and it is long to sit through. Yet a certain joy shines through the difficulty. Tarkovsky has obviously cut loose from any thought of entertaining the audience and has determined, in his last testament, to say exactly what he wants, in exactly the style he wants.

He uses a great many long shots - both long in duration, and with great distances between the camera and the subjects. Long shots inspire thoughtfulness from the audience. We are not so close that we are required to identify with a character. We stand back, and see everything, and have time to think about it. The movie doesn't hurtle headlong towards its conclusion, taking our agreement for granted. There are spaces between events that are large enough for us to ask ourselves if we would do what the man in the movie is doing.It is his birthday. He plants a tree, carefully, methodically.There is a belief that it is impossible to plant a tree without thinking of your own lifespan, because in all certainty the tree will be there long after you have gone. As he plants the tree, his small son watches him and then toddles thoughtlessly about on the surface of the planet he does not yet know is a planet.

Some people came to the birthday party: the man's wife, his daughters, some friends and a mailman who apparently is the island's mystic. There is a sense in which he delivers the cosmic mail, bringing news of inner realities. During the party, the news comes that the war has broken out. All of this is told slowly, in elegantly composed shots, with silences in between. When the characters speak, it is rarely to engage in small talk; the hero has a long monologue about the quality of our lives and the ways we are heedlessly throwing away the futures of our children. When the man begs to make his sacrifice, he does so not by ranting and raving to heaven, but by choosing one of his own maids - a humble working woman - as a sort of saintly person who might be able to intervene.

"The Sacrifice" is not the sort of movie most people will choose to see, but those with the imagination to risk it may find it rewarding. Everything depends on the ability to empathise with the man in the movie, and Tarkovsky refuses to reach out with narrative tricks in order to involve us. Some movies work their magic in the minds of the audience; this one stays resolutely on the screen, going about its urgent business and leaving us free to participate only if we want to.That is the meaning of a sacrifice, isn't it - that it is offered willingly?

$2-$ What is not correctly said about the long shots in the passage?

Suppose your company is about to lay off $10$ per cent of your workforce. As a departmental head, you try to maintain trust of your team throughout the process. Ajay approaches you in the break room and says, "I heard that there might be a layoff. Do you know anything about it?"

You do know about the layoff, and what would be your response?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

We are living in truly challenging times. The loss of near and dear ones in the second surge of the Covid pandemic is painful. Their grief has to be our grief, too, because only by sharing sorrow can we develop a true national resolve.

Choose the correct antonym of the highlighted word from the given options. 

Hundreds of Shanty towns line the river banks, train tracks, and garbage dumps in the Filipino capital. Around a quarter of its $12$ million are considered 'informal settlers'. Manila is starkly representative of a global problem. According to the United Nations, about a quarter of the World's urban population lives in slums. Slum tourism takes outsiders through their most impoverished marginalized districts. Slum tourism sparks considerable debate around an uncomfortable moral dilemma. Many consider the practice little more than slack-jawed privileged people gawking at those less fortunate. Others argue they raise awareness and provide numerous examples of giving back to the local communities.
The nearest meaning of 'Gawking' in this paragraph would be:

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most
appropriate option for each blank.
Comprehension:
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India located near Hospet town in the Karnataka state, India. (1)______ the attractions of
Hampi (2)______ beautiful temples, ruins of palaces
(3)______ of aquatic structures, ancient market streets, royal pavilions, bastions, royal platforms, treasury buildings...the list is practically
(4)______. Most of the visitors to Hampi
arrive at the well-connected Hospet Junction railway station, (5)______ about 13km from Hampi. Roads to Hampi are in great shape.
Driving all the way to Hampi from the neighbouring cities is not a bad idea either.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most
appropriate option for each blank.
Comprehension:
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India located near Hospet town in the Karnataka state, India. (1)______ the attractions of
Hampi (2)______ beautiful temples, ruins of palaces
(3)______ of aquatic structures, ancient market streets, royal pavilions, bastions, royal platforms, treasury buildings...the list is practically
(4)______. Most of the visitors to Hampi
arrive at the well-connected Hospet Junction railway station, (5)______ about 13km from Hampi. Roads to Hampi are in great shape.
Driving all the way to Hampi from the neighbouring cities is not a bad idea either.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most
appropriate option for each blank.
Comprehension:
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India located near Hospet town in the Karnataka state, India. (1)______ the attractions of
Hampi (2)______ beautiful temples, ruins of palaces
(3)______ of aquatic structures, ancient market streets, royal pavilions, bastions, royal platforms, treasury buildings...the list is practically
(4)______. Most of the visitors to Hampi
arrive at the well-connected Hospet Junction railway station, (5)______ about 13km from Hampi. Roads to Hampi are in great shape.
Driving all the way to Hampi from the neighbouring cities is not a bad idea either.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most

appropriate option for each blank.
Comprehension:
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India located near Hospet town in the Karnataka state, India. (1)______ the attractions of
Hampi (2)______ beautiful temples, ruins of palaces
(3)______ of aquatic structures, ancient market streets, royal pavilions, bastions, royal platforms, treasury buildings...the list is practically
(4)______. Most of the visitors to Hampi
arrive at the well-connected Hospet Junction railway station, (5)______ about 13km from Hampi. Roads to Hampi are in great shape.
Driving all the way to Hampi from the neighbouring cities is not a bad idea either.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most
appropriate option for each blank.
Comprehension:
Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India located near Hospet town in the Karnataka state, India. (1)______ the attractions of
Hampi (2)______ beautiful temples, ruins of palaces
(3)______ of aquatic structures, ancient market streets, royal pavilions, bastions, royal platforms, treasury buildings...the list is practically
(4)______. Most of the visitors to Hampi
arrive at the well-connected Hospet Junction railway station, (5)______ about 13km from Hampi. Roads to Hampi are in great shape.
Driving all the way to Hampi from the neighbouring cities is not a bad idea either.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering.

With markets nearing saturation and brand promiscuity increasing, managing a brand identity in today's chaotic conditions had become a Herculean task. A brand identity is what imparts a human element to a brand. It is the marketer's perspective of how to project a brand publicly. It defines the brand truth. This can be a name, theme, location, personality or jingle, among other things. It has to bring human qualities to the brand.

If we think branding tells a story to customers then core identity is it's moral. It forms the brand's unique selling proposition (USP). It is an idea that differentiates a brand from others. The basic premise hinges on a few Questions. They are: What is the one thing you do best? What is your main strength? As branding is a dynamic exercise, core identity can't be static. As has become apparent over the years, it is advisable not to violate your differentiating idea. Only a few cosmetic changes can be done over time. Ultimately it is the core identity that helps achieve maximum brand equity. Yet in all this, honesty to the brand assumes paramount importance.

Supporting core identity is the concept of extended identity. It generates credibility, a sense of reality and infuses a thrill in the marketplace. Extended identity refreshes and brings vitality to core identity. It is, in fact, the successful outcome of core identity.

Now comes the most vulnerable issue in branding brand image. This is the public perception of a brand. This is the customers' response to brand identity. Any experience with the brand can change the public perception, thereby impacting brand image either favourably or unfavourably. There is no constant here. It is the final experience with a brand that sets the tenor of a brand image. Naturally, it cannot be overly associated with persons, celebrity or others. The panacea is to give clarity, not face, to your brand identity.

Every brand has its culture. A brand plays the role of an ambassador of its culture. Culture can be a powerful differentiating idea if nurtured properly. It is the brand's flag. Respect it. Explore brand culture to win customer mindshare.

A brand is a relationship. Like any other, it has to be a two-way interaction. It has two facets relationship with customers (emotional link) and relationship with other brands (strategic link) within the entire brand system.

A brand is a reflection. By reflection, we mean the type of user that the brand appears to aspire for. It is the brand's image-building exercise that clings on in the minds of people. Brand communication should show the sort of person that the user would like to be or aspires to be.

A brand plays the role of a mirror. The brands we buy represent our view of ourselves. A Mercedes owner can state boldly, “Look, I'm a successful person. I have achieved what I aspired for. My brand helps me to differentiate myself from others”. A diehard Pepsi believer can express his attitude towards the brand by saying, 'Hey guys, I belong to the Generation Next community'. To sum up, the rewards of having a strong brand identity are clear. To make a brand click, brand managers must pay more attention to developing a detailed identity for the brand. Ensure that it is coherent across all facets and holistically communicate the identity.

Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the phrase printed in bold as used in the passage.
BRAND PROMISCUITY

Read the following passage and answer the given question.

The advertising industry, particularly those firms which are engaged in digital advertising are not very keen on the new budget for 2014. This is because of the levying of service tax to both internet and mobile advertising. When presenting the nation's budget for 2014, finance minister Arun Jaitley made the proposal to levy service tax on all online and mobile advertisements. According to Jaitley, this is necessary to broaden the country's tax base and shore up tax revenues. This proposal is of great concern for industry insiders because this is not just a fledgling industry, but its value in terms of money is at this time at a small scale as compared to much larger industries. Currently, the estimates for this industry stand at 2900 crores according to the Internet and Mobile Associate of India.

This proposal changes the landscape for online and mobile advertising as this has been included in the list of services where taxation was required. However, according to Jaitley, it is necessary to reduce the list of services which enjoy tax free status to the greatest extent possible. The list of services has been reviewed and service tax can be levied based on the sale of space or time for advertisements in broadcast media. The plan is to extend this to cover such sales on other segments including online and mobile advertising. What is surprising, however is that advertisements for print media will remain excluded from service tax. What makes this surprising is that print advertising is 10 times larger in scope and value as compared to digital advertising.

The impact of this, according to Siddarth Rao, the founder and CEO of digital advertiser Webchutney, is that it's clear either the client or the publisher will have to take the hit. This will result in increased prices for this service which will only be passed on, as suggested by Rao, to the client or publisher of the website. As a result, this could result in cutback in spending which will lead to decrease in sales, thus having a negative affect. Rao also states that the industry will need to take measures to ensure that billing of past and current activity is finished in order to avoid any disputes or claims which could be made by authorities. This in and of itself would suggest the potential need to spend extra revenue on fulfilling this need, thereby increasing costs.

While this poses concern for many in the industry, there is another side of the coin. For instance, according to B. Sanjit Shastri, CEO of Publicis Beehive, holds the opinion that the service tax that will be imposed will not affect the industry at all and believes this will be a positive move for the industry. He states, online advertising is not more than 10% of the total advertising budget for many clients, so in effect, this will at best add another 1% to their advertising costs, which is negligible." He asserts that this is negligible because the industry experiences considerable growth annually at the rate of 25 to 30%. He concludes by saying this is just a pebble on the digital highway".

Choose the word/group of words that is most opposite in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used in the passage.

Fledgling