Producing X-rays and its Interaction with Matter

Explain of mode of production continuous x-rays.

Sharpness of an X-ray image depends on the distance between the X-ray source and the recording surface which is the film (larger the distance lesser the unsharpness).

State three factors that affect the sharpness of X-rays ?

Image intensifiers are utilised to convert low energy x-radiation into visible light images.

Define Image intensifier.

 Half thickness is expressed in units of time.

Define Half thickness.

Absorption of X-ray  follows exponential pattern.

Define X-ray attenuation .

What is the full form of CT scan, Whether it is Computed Tomographic Scan or Computer Tomographic Scan?

The element which has a $K_{\alpha }$ $x$-rays line of wavelength $1.8\mathrm{\AA }$ is $\left(R=1.1\times {10}^7 {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}, b=1\right)$ and $\left.\sqrt{\frac{5}{33}}=0.39\right)$

If $\mathrm{Ni}$ (nical) is used as target material, then ${\lambda }_{\min }$ is minimum wavelength produced in $X$-ray tube and ${\lambda }_{k\alpha }$ is the wavelength of $k_{\alpha }$ line. If the operating tube voltage is increased and $Ca$ (calsium) is used as target material in place of $Ni,$ then the difference $\left|{\lambda }_{k\alpha }-{\lambda }_{\min }\right|$ will :

Electrons with de-Broglie wavelength $\lambda$ fall on the target in an X-ray tube. The cut-off wavelength of the emitted X-rays is

Electrons of mass $m$ with de Broglie wavelength $\lambda$ fall on the target in an $\mathrm{X}$-ray tube. The cut-off wavelength $\left({\lambda }_0\right)$ of the emitted $\mathrm{X}$-ray is

The speed of the colliding electron is increased in an $X$-ray tube, then

In a coolidge tube, the potential difference used to accelerate the electrons is increased from $12.4 \mathrm{kV}$  to $24.8 \mathrm{kV}.$ As a result the difference between ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{K}\alpha }$ and ${\lambda }_{\min }$ increases three fold. The wavelength of $K_{\alpha }$ line is - $\left(\frac{hc}{e}=12.4 \mathrm{kV} \stackrel{\mathrm{o}}{\mathrm{A}}\right)$

According to Mosley's law of characteristic $X-$ray. Which of the following is correct?

In intensity verus wavelength graph, which of the following process is responsible for the intensity of peaks $P_{1}$ and $P_{2} ?$

When the voltage applied to an $X$-ray tube is increased from $10 \mathrm{k}\mathrm{V}$ to $20 \mathrm{k}\mathrm{V}$, the wavelength interval between the $K_{\alpha }$ line and the short wave cut off of the continuous $X$-ray spectrum increases by a factor $3$. Find the atomic number of the element of which the tube anti cathode is made. (Rydberg’s constant $={10}^7 {\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$).

Let ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{\alpha }}, {\lambda }_{\mathrm{\beta }}$ and $\lambda {\text{'}}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$ denote the wavelengths of the X-rays of the $k_{\mathrm{\alpha }}, k_{\mathrm{\beta }}$ and $k{\text{'}}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$lines in the characteristic X-rays for a metal. Then,