Biology

This chapter discusses the process of taking in food and its utilization by the living organisms, which is called nutrition. The concept of photosynthesis and process behind it are also explained in this chapter.

This chapter discusses nutrition in animals. Through this chapter, you will learn about the process of holozoic nutrition and that the majority of animals practise this kind of nutrition. Human nutrition, however, consists of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

This chapter explains the transportation system followed by plants for distributing food and water among its different parts. It consists of two types of tissues, xylem and phloem. You will also learn about diffusion, the process of transportation of food and water in unicellular organisms.

This chapter talks about respiration as an important energy change. You will also learn about the different types of respiration process existent in plant and animal bodies and how we breathe in or out different gases as a result of this process.

In this chapter, you will learn about sexual or asexual methods of reproduction in plants. Asexual reproduction include fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative reproduction, whereas in sexual reproduction, the male gamete comes in contact with the female gamete and fuses with it.

This chapter discusses the main sources of waste water—industries, domestic activities, agriculture and so on. You will also learn about waste water treatment from domestic as well as industrial source in this chapter.

This chapter describes the diverse range of forests India has. You will also learn that forests provide us with food, cloth and shelter, timber, resins, latex, bamboo, cane and many other useful things.

In this chapter, you will learn how soil is formed by the weathering of rocks by the action of wind, water and climate. The process of weathering, that is the breaking down of bigger rocks into smaller pieces by the action of natural forces like water, air and heat of the sun is also discussed in this chapter.

In this chapter, you will learn about weather, which is the state of condition such as temperature, humidity, at a given place. This chapter also discusses the characteristics of climate and how animals have adapted to different climatic conditions to survive.