Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry

Mention any two signs and symptoms of drug addiction.

What is the meaning of drug addiction?

Define therapeutic window.

The fraction of the administered dose that is absorbed into the bloodstream is known as the _____.

Define drug bioavailability.

_____ is measured as the dose that causes toxicity (an unacceptable adverse effect) in 50% of patients.

Define toxic dose of a drug.

_____ is the dose that causes death in 50% of laboratory animals.

Define lethal dose of a drug.

_____ is usually defined as the minimum dose of the drug that produces the desired therapeutic effect in 50% of laboratory animals or human patients.

Define effective dose$\left({\mathrm{ED}}_{50}\right)$.

Explain the significance of the therapeutic index (TI)?

Define therapeutic index (TI).

To reduce the possibility of conscious or subconscious bias in the interpretation of the experimental results, neither the researchers directly observing the patients nor the patients themselves know who is given the real drug and who receives a placebo, so this type of experiment is known as a _____.

Describe the double-blind test in the clinical trial.

Regular administration of certain drugs may increase the body's response to specific medications and the phenomenon is known as drug tolerance.

Define Placebo effect.

The therapeutic action of a placebo, known as the _____.

Natural healing can be done through counselling or administering a biologically inert substance known as a _____.

Define placebo.