Biology

This chapter covers topics like growth of biology, various branches of biology, and the importance of biology.

This chapter discusses the cell theory. It describes the types, shape, and size of the cells. It explains the cellular structural organisation. It also discusses the plasma membrane, cell organelles, and differentiates between plant and animal cells.

This chapter highlights the features of species and the categories of higher species. It explains the drawbacks of the old kingdom classifications—kingdom Plantae and Animalia. It also discusses the general scheme of five-kingdom classification.

This chapter emphasizes on the morphology and economic importance of bacteria and fungi. We will explore the role of bacteria in medicine, agriculture, and industry. It also discusses the diseases caused by bacteria in plants, animals and humans.

Through this chapter, we will understand the functioning of the digestive system. It characterises the significance of various enzymes and organs. It also features certain experimental activities based on the human alimentary canal.

This chapter covers topics like introduction to tissues, plant tissues, and animal tissues.

Through this chapter, we will study the main parts related to the respiratory system and their functions. It discusses the difference between respiration and breathing. It explains the mechanism of breathing and some common respiratory diseases.

In this chapter, we will study the process of respiration. It features the types of respiration in plants and animals through experimental activities and diagrams. Further, we will discuss the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis.

This chapter discusses the process of pollination and fertilisation. It explains the concept of self and cross pollination. It also details the structure of an ovule and events in fertilisation. It further briefs on post-fertilisation events.

This chapter discusses the integumentary system. It explains the structure and functions of the skin. It briefs on the concept of thermoregulation. It also discusses the different skin derivatives.

This chapter features the points discussing the categorisation of waste. It also demonstrates the method of safe disposal of waste through diagrams and charts. We will also focus on the method of preparing compost and incineration.

This chapter covers topics like immunity and immune system, vaccination and immunisation, use and action of medicines, disinfectants and antiseptics, and health organisations.

This chapter illustrates the structure of bisexual flower through diagrams. Here, it shows the general description of the floral parts—calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium. We will also study about inflorescence and placentation with examples.

This chapter explains the function of the human skeleton and its constituents. Here, it shows the comparison between male and female skeletons. Joints and its classifications, different types of muscles are also illustrated here.

This chapter covers topics like basic food groups and classes of nutrients, and nutritional disorders.

This chapter highlights the classification and characteristics of seeds. It explains the various conditions necessary for germination. Besides, we will study the process of seeding with the aid of examples and diagrams.