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March 13, 2025Metals are the elements that lose electrons and gain positive ions or captions. It represents metallic bond formation. There are different types of Metals and Minerals available on Earth. Each of them represents a certain quality. Metals and Minerals are found in huge quantities around the world. The weather of the region has an important influence on the production of Metals and Minerals.
Students are taught about the concept of Metals and Minerals from a very young age. Once the students start learning about them, they must practice writing the names and formulae accordingly. In the article below, we will be discussing the different types of Metals, Minerals and their formulae.
The electropositive elements are referred to as metals. In the periodic table, there are around 90 metals. Every metal possesses certain physical and chemical properties. It is advisable that everyone studies the qualities of metals carefully.
When the Metal is in a solid state, they are opaque and shiny. They also have good electrical and thermal conductivity. The physical properties of Metals are given in the section below.
Minerals and Ore are important components. In the section below, we will describe each of them. A solid natural material that has compounds of Metal is known as Minerals. A Mineral may belong to the combined state and there will be earthly impurities in it. The Minerals are usually found below the surface of the earth.
On the other hand, ores are obtained from Metals. They are extracted commercially at a low cost. They are economically beneficial and require minimum effort for extraction. The ores of Metal can prove to be effective in various situations. Gangue on the other hand refers to the insoluble impurities of the Minerals.
In the table given below, we will be discussing the various important Metals and Ores.
Sl No | Name of the Element | Ores | Chemical Formulas |
1 | Aluminium (Al) | Bauxite | Al2O32H2O |
Corundum | Al2O3 | ||
Kryolite | Na3AlF6 | ||
2 | Calcium (Ca) | Dolomite | MgCO3CaCO3 |
Lime Ston | CaCO3 | ||
3 | Copper (Cu) | Copper Glance | Cu2S |
Copper Pyrite | CuFeS2 | ||
Malachite | 2CuCO3Cu(OH)2 | ||
4 | Gold (Au) | Calve rite | AuTe2 |
Sybarite | AgAuTe2 | ||
5 | Iron (Fe) | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
IronPyrite | FeS2 | ||
Magnetite | Fe3O4 | ||
Siderite | FeCO3 | ||
6 | Lead (Pb) | Anglesite | PbCl2 |
Galena | PbS | ||
7 | Phosphorous (P) | Floreopetite | 3Ca3(PO4)CaFe2 |
Phosphorite | Ca3(PO4)CaFe2 | ||
8 | Potassium (K) | Karnalite | KClMgCl6H2O |
Salt Petre | KNO3 | ||
9 | Magnesium (Mg) | Dolomite | MgCO3CaCO3 |
Karnalite | KClMgCl26H2O | ||
10 | Mercury (Hg) | Calomel | Hg2Cl2 |
Cinnabar | HgS | ||
11 | Silver (Ag) | Silver Glance | Ag2S |
12 | Sodium (Na) | Rock Salt | NaCl |
Sodium Carbonate | Na2CO3 | ||
13 | Tin (Sn) | Classiterite | SnO2 |
Tin Pyrites | Cu2FeSnS4 | ||
14 | Zinc (Zn) | Calamine | ZnCo3 |
Zinc Blende | ZnS |
The important Minerals and their Ores are given in the table below.
Group | Mineral Name |
Native Elements | Diamond, Graphite |
(No anions) | Gold |
Copper | |
Silver | |
Sulfur | |
Oxides | Hematite |
anions | Magnetite |
Corundum | |
Limonite | |
Bauxite | |
Silicates | Quartz |
Opal | |
Orthoclase, Microcline, Sanadine | |
Ca-Plagioclase | |
Na-Plagioclase | |
Muscovite | |
Biotite | |
Kaolinite | |
Amphibole | |
Pyroxene | |
Olivine | |
Chlorite | |
Garnet | |
Talc | |
Kyanite, Sillimanite, Andalusite | |
Staurolite | |
Carbonates | Calcite, Aragonite |
Dolomite | |
Azurite | |
Malachite | |
Sulfates | Anhydrite |
Gypsum | |
Sulfides | Galena |
Pyrite | |
Chalcopyrite | |
Sphalerite | |
Halides | Halite |
Sylvite | |
Fluorite | |
Phosphate | Apatite |
The method of extraction for Ores includes the following.
Metals | Occurrence | Extraction Method |
1. Lithium | Spodumeme LiAl(SiO3)2 Lipidolite | Electrolysis of Fused LiCl/ KCl |
2. Sodium | Rock Salt (NaCl) | Electrolysis of Fused NaCl / CaCl2 |
3. Magnesium | Carnallite (KCl.MgCl2.6H2O) Magnesium (MgCO3) | Electrolysis of Fused MgO or MgCl2 / KCl Carbon Reduction of MgO |
4. Calcium | Limestone (CACO3) Dolomite (MgCO3.CaCO3) Gypsum (CaSO4) | Electrolysis of Fused CaCl2/ CaF2 |
5. Copper | Cuprites (Cu2O) Copper Glance (Cu2S) | Roasting of Sulphide Partially and Reduction 1Cu2O + Cu2S+ 6Cu+SO2 |
6. Aluminum | Bauxite (Al2O3.2H2O) Cryolite (Na2AlF6) | Electrolysis of Al2O3 Dissolved in Molten Cryolite or in Na2AlF6 |
7. Zinc | Zinc Blende (ZnS) Zincite (ZnO) Calamine (ZnCO3) | Roasting and then Reduction with C |
8. Lead | Galena (PbS) | Roasting of Sulphide Ore, Then Reduction of the Oxide |
9. Iron | Hematite (Fe2O3) Magnetite (Fe2O4) Siderite (FeCO3) Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Limonite (Fe2O3.3H2O) | Reduction With the Help of CO and Coke in the Blast Furnace, Chemical Reduction with CO, Calcination Followed By Reduction With CO. Roasting Followed By Reduction with CO. |
Given below are some of the important facts about Metals and their Ores.
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