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India is a country where crops vary based on season, they require specific climatic conditions to grow. According to the weather, we can see a major difference between Rabi and Kharif crops. Kharif and Rabi are two agricultural crops used by many Asian countries in the monsoon. While the cropping season for Kharif crops begins with the start of the monsoon and finishes when it ends. Rabi crops, on the other hand, are produced in the winter.
Kharif crops require a hot and humid climate, whereas Rabi crops demand a cold and dry climate. In this article, let us learn more differences between Rabi and Kharif crops with various examples.
Rabi crops are known as winter crops as they are sown in winter between October to December. The harvesting season for these crops is summer between April to June. Rabi crops are largely grown in north and north-western parts of the country like Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
List Of Rabi Crops
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
| Maize | Zea mays, L |
| Lucerne | Hedicago sativa |
| Cumin | Cuminum cyminum, L |
| Coriander | Coriandrum sativum, L |
| Wheat | Triticum vulgare, Vill |
| Fenugreek | Trigonella foenumgraecum, L |
| Gram | Cicer arientinum |
| Onion | Allium cepa, L |
| Mustard | Brassica juncea, L |
| Tomato | Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill |
| Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare, Miller |
| Potato | Solanum tuberosum |
| Isabgol | Plantago ovata. Fors |
| Oat | Avena sativa |
The sowing season for Kharif crops is June to August, hence these are referred to as monsoon crops, and these are harvested from September to October. Rice is the most important Kharif crop and is largely grown in Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra.
List Of Kharif Crops
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
| Paddy | Oryza sativa, L |
| Guar (F) | Cymopsis tetragonaloba, Taub |
| Castor | Ricinus communis |
| Nagali | Eleusine coracana, G |
| Hy Cotton | Gossypium hirsutum, L |
| Chilly | Capsicum frutescens, L |
| Cotton | Gossypium herbaceum, L |
| Jowar | Sorghum vulgare, Pers |
| Sesamum | Sesamum orientale |
| Soybean | Glycine hispida, Merr |
| Maize | Zea mays, L |
| Urid | Vigna mungo, L |
| Bajri | Pennisetum typhoideum, L |
| Arhar | Cajanus cajan, Milsp |
| Ground Nut | Arachis hypogaea, L |
| Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare, Miller |
You can check the difference between the two types of crops below:
| Kharif Crop | Rabi Crop |
| Sowing Season | |
| These are sown with the beginning of the first rain (monsoon season). | Rabi crops are sown in the winter season i.e. October to December. |
| Other Names | |
| Monsoon crops or Autumn crops. | Winter crops. |
| Rainfall Pattern | |
| Requires medium rainfall. Excess or very little rainfall can damage the crops. | These are not majorly affected by rainfall as the chances of rain in the growing season is very less. |
| Requirements | |
| Requires constant watering and hot weather (sunlight) for better yield. | Warm climatic condition is preferred for sowing and cold for growth. |
| Harvesting Months | |
| The exact harvesting season may vary region wise but are usually harvested in September & October. | These are harvested between April to June. |
| Example | |
| Paddy, maize, Jowar, Bajra, Tur (Arhar), Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut, Soyabean. | Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram, Mustard. |
| Origin of Term | |
| “Kharif” translates to “autumn season” in Arabic | “Rabi” translates to “spring season” in Arabic |
Here you can look at the most searched question on Rabi and Kharif crops:
| Q. What are Rabi crops? Ans. Crops sown in winter are called Rabi crops example – Wheat, Barley, etc. |
| Q. What are Kharif crops? Ans. Crops sown in monsoon are called Rabi crops example – Urad, Cotton, Jute, etc. |
| Q. What are Rabi and Kharif crops give examples? Ans. Crops harvested from April to June are Rabi crops and crops harvested in September-October are Kharif crops. Kharif – Chilli, Castor, Fennel, etc. Rabi – Fenugreek, Coriander, Gram, etc. |
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