NCERT Books and Solutions 2023

Ellipse: Do you know the orbit of planets, moon, comets, and other heavenly bodies are elliptical? Mathematics defines an ellipse as a plane curve surrounding...

Altitude of a triangle is the side that is perpendicular to the base. A triangle has three sides altitude, base and hypotenuse. The altitude of...

Manufacturing of Sulphuric Acid by Contact Process: Sulphuric acid is referred to as the king of chemicals. It is one of the most important chemical...

Refining or Purification of Impure Metals: Metals like Copper, Aluminium, Iron, etc., occur in nature in the combined state, in the form of their oxides,...

Pollination and Outbreeding Devices: Flowers are symbolic of beauty and have aesthetic, ornamental, social, religious and cultural value. But how are they formed? Let us...

Acid rain isn't pure acid falling from the sky; rather, rainfall or atmospheric moisture mixed with elements and gases cause the moisture to become more...

Congruence of Triangles: The congruence of a triangle depends upon the measurements of sides and angles of the two triangles. There are a few criteria,...

Complementary and Supplementary angles are defined for the addition of two angles. If the sum of two angles so formed is \({90^ \circ }\), then...

Nitro compounds are a group of organic compounds having Nitro group \({\rm{( - O - N = O)}}\) as a part of its molecular structure....

Bond Linking Monomers in Polymers: Every living thing is made up of various proteins, enzymes, certain peptide hormones, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, polyphenolics etc. are important...

Higher animals possess an elaborated circulatory system that consists of a muscular and chambered heart, a network of blood vessels, and an extracellular fluid called...

Applications of Equilibrium Constant: The numerical value of the equilibrium constant is critical because it tells us whether we should expect a reaction mixture at...

Machines: Do you know we can easily lift heavy loads with a small effort? Do you know we can make the work easier with the...

Algebra of Complex Numbers: Complex numbers have wide applications in various fields of science, such as AC circuit analysis. Learning about the algebra of complex numbers...

The Lanthanoids: How many elements do you think there are in and around us? They can be counted, however counting them on your fingers is...

Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon: You know how important carbon is for our existence. Even our bodies are largely composed of carbon compounds....

Preparation of Colloidal Solutions: As we know, all solutions contain two entities in them, a solvent and a solute, mixed together to form a solution....

Deliquescence: We all must have seen tiny silica gel packets inside shoe boxes, new bags, and other gadgets, and they are there for a reason....

Periodic Trends in the Properties of Elements: The long form of the periodic table or the modern periodic table can also be called Bohr’s table...

Occurrence of Group 17 Elements: On the periodic table, the halogens are to the left of the noble gases. Fluorine \(\left( {\rm{F}} \right){\rm{,}}\) chlorine \(\left(...

Dinitrogen: Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless element that is plentiful in nature. Daniel Rutherford, a Scottish physician, was the first to discover it...

Drug-Target Interaction: As we've seen, chemistry plays a crucial role in practically every aspect of our lives. Medicinal chemistry is one such topic that is...

Biotechnology: The application of engineering science principles and technological methods on biological systems, like microorganisms, higher animals, and plants, intending to carry out chemical, environmental...

Health Organisations: Did you know that ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of disease worldwide? Last year heart disease killed \(4.77\) million people in...

Neural and Hormonal Control of Digestion: Taste and smell are related. What happens when we walk past a fast-food stall and catch a whiff of...

Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom: Bohr is widely credited with developing the first quantitatively successful model of the atom. However, the newer Wave...

What are Advanced Materials? Advanced materials are such materials that help us to drive technological innovation and optimise the cost and efficiency of existing products,...