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May 13, 2024Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: The cell is the smallest unit that can sustain life on its own and makes up all living things, including the body tissues. The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. Cells come in a wide variety of forms.
The nucleus is a fundamental cell structure found in most live cells, but not all. Most of the cell’s DNA is housed and protected in the nucleus of a cell, a structure in the cytoplasm encircled by a membrane (the nuclear membrane). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two basic types of cells, depending on whether they have a nucleus. In this article, we will discuss the two types of cells.
Before discussing each type of cell in detail, let us see the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the table below:
Components | Eukaryote | Prokaryote |
Cell structure | Multicellular, with a few being an exception | Unicellular |
Nucleus | Present | Absent |
Membrane-bound organelles | Present | Absent |
Complexity | Complex | Simple |
Form of DNA | Linear | Circular |
Cell size | 10–100 μm | 0.1–5 μm |
Examples | Animals, plants, fungi, etc. | Bacteria |
Cells with a nucleus are referred to be eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are more frequently found in multicellular organisms and are typically bigger than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes, including fungi, mammals, protists, and plants, are organisms with eukaryotic cells.
In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells also have other organelles. An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that serves a specialised purpose for the cell. For instance, vacuoles store substances in the cell, whereas organelles called mitochondria supply energy. Thanks to their organelles, eukaryotic cells can do more tasks than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells can have more cell specificity than prokaryotic cells as a result. However, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, the biological components that produce proteins.
Each membrane-bound structure performs a particular biological function within a eukaryotic cell. Here is a summary of many of the basic elements found in eukaryotic cells.
Cells without a nucleus are known as prokaryotic cells. Instead of being protected by a nuclear membrane, the DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the cytoplasm. Single-celled creatures like bacteria contain prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are defined as organisms possessing prokaryotic cells. They were the first kind of organisms to evolve and continue to be the most prevalent ones.
Here is a set of different components of a prokaryotic bacterial cell:
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