PUNJAB BOARD CLASS 11 Exam

Exam Brief

The Punjab board, also known as the Punjab Board of Secondary Education (PSEB), is a state-level government educational board. It has the jurisdiction to develop, authorise, and organise examinations for several classes, including the Punjab board Class 11 exam. PSEB also compiles the question paper for the Class 11 examination. 

It also provides academic support to affiliated schools and educational institutions. PSEB’s responsibilities include administering course curriculums, conducting exams, awarding scholarships to deserving candidates, publishing curriculum textbooks, etc. Get more details about Punjab board Class 11 exam from this article, including the syllabus, exam pattern, result, etc.

Exam Summary

The following are some of the Board’s roles, as well as the Board’s obligations and responsibilities, as well as why the Board was formed in the first place:

 

• To serve as an advisory body to the Punjab State Government on school education in the province.
• To make the required arrangements for different schools affiliated with the Board.
• To improve the quality of education, particularly in the state of Punjab’s educational system.
• To establish the curriculum for a class, a course, or a subject and courses of study.
• The Board has a full-fledged wing of subject matter experts that monitors explicitly grievances and issues connected to academics or education.
• Prepare and review the syllabus regularly to ensure that students are taught current subjects and themes.
• Textbooks, model papers, sample papers, and other materials are prepared and published.
• To provide the required arrangements for successful exams at both the school and distant levels. Currently, the Punjab Board conducts examinations at the middle school level, which is 5th grade, matriculation level, class 10th, and senior secondary level, class 12th.

Official Website Link

http://www.pseb.ac.in/

Exam pattern details - Total time

The exams for class 11 PSEB are conducted for 3 hours or 180 minutes, each. Additionally, students are provided with 15 minutes to study the question paper before the commencement of the exams.

Exam Syllabus

Class 11 textbooks in Punjab are based on the Punjab state curriculum and the most recent revised and updated exam patterns. This includes textbooks in both Punjabi, Hindi and English.

This important study material should be used to its best potential to prepare for the exams as quickly as feasible. The Punjab School Education Board changes its curriculum and syllabus regularly. As a result, Punjab now has a well-rounded, efficient, and interesting educational system.

Importance of Punjab Board Class 11 Syllabus

When a student starts studying, the first thing that comes to mind is the syllabus. Students may benefit from familiarising themselves with the Punjab Syllabus for Class11 2021-22 in various ways. The following are some of the reasons why the Maharashtra Board Class 9 syllabus is important:

• Students will become acquainted with the subjects that are necessary for exam preparation.
• The questions will be asked from the Punjab state board syllabus in the final exam.
• Students can see how their grades are distributed by looking at the syllabus’s section-by-section marking scheme for each topic.
• The 11th-class curriculum lays the groundwork for topics taught in class 12.
• When students systematically follow the curriculum, their study routines are also organised.

English Syllabus

Below we have provided Punjab Board Class 11 English syllabus for your reference:

Section A Lessons for Intensive Study	Gender Bias The Portrait of a Lady Liberty and Discipline A President Speaks The Earth is not Ours Let’s Not Forget the Martyrs Water- A True Elixir No Time for Fear
Section B Poetry	Lines Written in Early Spring Mother’s Day Upagupta Confessions of A Born Spectator 8 The Little Black Boy A Thing of Beauty is a Joy For Ever
Section C Lessons for Extensive Study	An Astrologer’s Day The Tiger in the Tunnel Sparrows The Model Millionaire The Panch Parmeshwar The Peasant’s Bread
Section D Writing Skills, Grammar & Translation	Preposition Determiners Use of the same word as noun, verb and adjective Modals Tenses Removal and use of ‘to’ Voice Narration
Composition	Note Making Message Writing Notice Writing Advertisement Writing Letter Writing (only social and personal) The books were prescribed & published by the Punjab School Education Board. (General English XI) A Panorama of Life English Grammar and Composition for XI and XII
English Elective Book-I English Reader Book V	The Young Akbar The Story of Sri Rama’s Exile The Discovery of Penicillin The Story of Michael Guru Gobind Singh Sohrab and Rustam-I Sohrab and Rustam-II A Modern Miracle Abou Hassan and his Wife A Spark Neglected Burns the House-I A Spark Neglected Burns the House II
Book-II Selections from English Verse	The Way of Poetry – William Blake Going Downhill on a Bicycle – H.C. Beeching My Native Land – Walter Scott The Snake – Emily Dickinson Abou Ben Adhem – Leigh Hunt The Patriot – Robert Browning The Brook – Alfred Lord Tennyson Casabianca – Mrs Hemans Robin Hood and Alan-A-Dale (Anonymous) Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog – Oliver Goldsmith We Are Seven – William Wordsworth Lady Clare – Alfred Lord Tennyson The Charge of the Light Brigade – Alfred Lord Tennyson
Book-III A Book of Essays and Stories	The Real Princess Gulliver in Lilliput Tom Whitewashes the Fence A Street Scene Build Yourself for Leadership Controlling the Mind Three Questions The Cabuliwallah The Emperor’s New Clothes Gandhi’s Appeal The Judgement Seat of Vikramaditya The Black Cat The Happy Prince The Bet The Last leaf
Applied Grammar	The Sentence and its Forms The Sentence and its Kinds The Clause and its Kinds The Structure of the Noun Phrase Nouns Pronouns Determiners (The Use of Articles and their Equivalents) Adjectives The Structure of the Verb Phrase The Main Verb: Transitive and Intransitive Linking Verbs The Tense Preposition and Prepositional Phrases Adverbs Conditional Sentences Adjective Clauses Active and Passive Voice Direct and Indirect Speech Vocabulary Expansion Short Responses Various Concepts- How to express them (1) Various Concepts- How to express them (2) The Patterning of Certain Verbs

 

Composition

1. Translation from English into Vernacular

2. Application

3. Letter

4. Essay

Note: A paragraph in lieu of translation for foreign students.

Books Prescribed & Published by the Punjab School Education Board.

1. English Reader Book-V

2. Selections from English Verse

3. A Book of Essays and Stories 

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Mathematics Syllabus

1. All of the questions are required.
2. There are 36 questions, separated into four sections: A, B, C, and D.
3. Section A consists of 20 one-mark questions. Section B has six questions. There is no one-size-fits-all solution. However, in one useful question with two marks, an internal choice was given, two questions worth 4 marks each, and three questions worth 6 marks. In all such questions, you must attempt only one of the options.
4. Calculators are not permitted to be used.

Unit	Chapters	Topics
Set and Function	Sets	Sets and their representations Empty set Finite and Infinite sets Equal sets Subsets Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations) Power set Universal set Venn diagrams Union and Intersection of sets Difference of sets Complement of a set Properties of Complement
	Relations and Functions	Ordered pairs Cartesian product of sets The number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself (up to R x R x R) Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Functions with real values these functions’ domain and range, as well as their graphs, are constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic, and largest integer functions. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
	Trigonometric Functions	Positive and negative angles Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another Definition of Trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle Truth of identity sin2x + cos2x = 1, for all x Signs of trigonometric functions Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs Expressing sin(x±y) and cos(x±y) in terms of sin x, sin y, cos x,and cos y. Simple applications Deducing identities General solution of trigonometric equations of the type sin y = sin a, cos y = cos a and tan y = tan a.
Algebra	Principle of Mathematical Induction	The use of the approach is motivated by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers, which is the process of proof by induction. Simple uses of the mathematical induction principle.
	Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations	Need for complex numbers Algebraic properties of complex numbers Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system Square root of a complex number
	Linear Inequalities	Linear inequalities The number line representation of algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable. Linear inequalities in two variables are graphically solved. Finding a solution to a system of linear inequalities in two variables using a graphical technique.
	Permutations and Combinations	Fundamental principle of counting Factorials Permutations Combinations Derivation of formulae for np, and ncr Their connections and simple applications
	Binomial Theorem	History, statement and proof of hte binomial theorem for positive integral indices Pascal’s triangle General and middle term in binomial expansion Simple applications
	Sequences and Series	Arithmetic progression Arithmetic mean Geometric progression Geometric mean General term of a G.P. Sum of n terms of a G.P. Infinite G.P. and its sum Relation between A.M and G.M. Special sums
Coordinate Geometry	Straight Lines	Brief recall of two-dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Shifting of origin. The slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines. Distance of a point from a line. Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.
	Conic Sections	Sections of cone: Circle Ellipse Parabola Hyperbola Point Straight line Pair of intersecting lines Standard equations and simple properties Circle Ellipse Parabola Hyperbola
	Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry	Coordinate axes Coordinate planes in three dimensions Coordinates of a point Distance between two points and section formula
Calculus	Limits and Derivatives	Both as a distance function and geometrically, the derivative is introduced as a rate of change. The limitation is an intuitive concept. Polynomial and rational function limits, as well as trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The scope of a tangent of the curve, the derivative of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of functions are all included in the definition of the derivative. Polynomial and trigonometric functions have derivatives.
Mathematical Reasoning	Mathematical Reasoning	Statements that are mathematically sound. Connecting words/phrases – consolidating comprehension of “if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition,” “implies,” “and/or,” “implied by,” “and,” “or,” “there exists,” and their applications through a variety of real-world and mathematical situations. Validating the claims that contain linking words. Contradiction, converse, and contrapositive are all terms that have different meanings.
Statistics and Probability	Statistics	Measures of Dispersion Range Mean deviation Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Frequency distributions with the same mean but distinct variances are analysed.
	Probability	Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events. Axiomatic (set-theoretic) Probability Connections with other theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event. Probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

Physics Syllabus
Check out the PSEB Physics Syllabus below:

Unit	Title	Topics
Unit–I	Physical World and Measurement : Chapter–1: Physical World Chapter–2: Units and Measurements	Physics-scope and excitement Nature of physical laws Physics, technology and society Need for measurement Units of measurement Systems of units SI units Fundamental and derived units Length, mass and time measurements Accuracy and precision of measuring instruments Errors in measurement Significant figures Dimensions of physical quantities Dimensional analysis and its applications
Unit–II	Kinematics: Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane	Frame of reference Motion in a straight line Position-time graph, speed and velocity Differentiation and integration for characterising motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, evenly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs are all covered Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment) Scalar and vector quantities Position and displacement vectors General vectors and their notations Equality of vectors Multiplication of vectors by a real number Addition and subtraction of vectors Relative velocity, Unit vector Resolution of a vector in a plane rectangular components Scalar and Vector product of vectors
Unit–III	Laws of Motion Chapter–5: Laws of Motion	Intuitive concept of force Inertia Newton’s first law of motion Momentum and Newton’s second law of motion Impulse Newton’s third law of motion Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications Equilibrium of concurrent forces Static and kinetic friction Laws of friction Rolling friction Lubrication
Unit–IV	Work, Energy and Power Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power	Work done by a constant force and a variable force Kinetic energy Work-energy theorem Power Notion of potential energy Potential energy of a spring Conservative forces Conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies) Non-conservative forces Motion in a vertical circle Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions
Unit–V	The motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion	Centre of mass of a two-particle system Momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body Centre of mass of a uniform rod Moment of a force, torque Angular momentum Law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications Equilibrium of rigid bodies Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion Comparison of linear and rotational motions Moment of inertia Radius of gyration Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation) Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications
Unit–VI	Gravitation Chapter–8: Gravitation	Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential Escape velocity Orbital velocity of a satellite Geo-stationary satellites
Unit–VII	Properties of Bulk Matter Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter	Elastic behaviour Stress-strain relationship Hooke’s law Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity Poisson’s ratio Elastic energy Pressure due to a fluid column Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes) Effect of gravity on fluid pressure Heat, temperature Thermal expansion Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases Anomalous expansion of water Specific heat capacity Cp, Cv – calorimetry Change of state – latent heat capacity
Unit–VIII	Thermodynamics Chapter–12: Thermodynamics	Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics) Heat, work and internal energy First law of thermodynamics Isothermal and adiabatic processes Second law of thermodynamics Reversible and irreversible processes Heat engine and refrigerator
Unit–IX	The behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory	Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas Kinetic theory of gases Assumptions Concept of pressure Kinetic interpretation of Temperature rms speed of gas molecules Degrees of freedom Law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases Concept of mean free path Avogadro’s number
Unit–X	Oscillations and Waves Chapter–14: Oscillations Chapter–15: Waves	Periodic motion – time period Frequency Displacement as a function of time Periodic functions Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation Phase Oscillations of a loaded spring-restoring force and force constant. Reflection of light Spherical mirrors Mirror formula Refraction of light Total internal reflection and its applications Optical fibres Refraction at spherical surfaces Lenses Thin lens formula Lensmaker’s formula Magnification Power of a lens Combination of thin lenses in contact Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism

 

NOTE: The topics listed below are from the prescribed PSEB syllabus. However, PSEB books do not mention it. As a result, these topics will be discussed with students, and the paper will include questions from these topics. Please note these topics will not be considered out of the syllabus.

1. Motion in a vertical circle
2. Centre of mass of the uniform rod 
3. Poiwsson’-ratio elastic energy 
4. Terminal velocity
5. The qualitative idea of Blackbody radiation
6. Stefan’s law, Wein’s displacement law, Green House effect
7. Definition of temperature 
8. Work done on compressing a gas 9. Avogadro’s number.

Chemistry Syllabus
Check out the PSEB Chemistry Syllabus below:

Sl. No	Unit	Topics
I	Some basic Concepts of Chemistry	General introduction: Importance and scope of chemistry Nature of matter Laws of chemical combination Dalton’s atomic theory Concept of elements, atoms, molecules Atomic and molecular masses Mole concept and molar mass Percentage composition Empirical and molecular formula Chemical reactions Stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry
II	Structure of Atom	Discovery of electron, proton and neutron Atomic number Isotopes and isobars Thomson’s model and its limitations Rutherford’s model and its limitations Bohr’s model and its limitations Concept of shells and subshells Dual nature of matter and light De Broglie’s relationship Concept of orbitals
III	Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties	Significance of classification Brief history of the development of periodic table Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table Ionic radii Inert gas radii Ionization enthalpy Electron gain enthalpy Electronegativity Valency
IV	Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	Valence electrons Ionic bond Covalent bond Bond parameters Covalent character of ionic bond Valence bond theory Geometry of covalent molecules Concept of hybridization Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only) Hydrogen bond
V	States of Matter: Gases and Liquids	Three states of matter Intermolecular interactions Types of bonding Melting and boiling points Boyle’s law Charles law Gay lussac’s law Ideal behaviour Empirical derivation of gas equation Avogadro’s number Deviation from ideal behaviour Liquid state – vapour pressure Viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations)
VI	Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques	General introduction Methods of purification Qualitative and quantitative analysis Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Electronic displacements in a covalent bond Inductive effect Electromeric effect Resonance and hyperconjugation Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond Carbocations Carbanions Electrophiles and nucleophiles Types of organic reactions
VII	Hydrogen	Position of hydrogen in periodic table Occurrence Isotopes Preparation Properties and uses of hydrogen Hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial Physical and chemical properties of water Heavy water Hydrogen peroxide-preparation Reactions and structure and use Hydrogen as a fuel
VIII	Chemical Thermodynamics	System concepts and types Surroundings Work Heat Energy Extensive and intensive qualities and state functions are all covered Internal energy and enthalpy Measuring U and H Hess’s law of constant heat summation Enthalpy of bond dissociation Combustion Formation Atomization Sublimation Phase transition Ionisation Solution and dilution are all covered under the first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamics’ second law (brief introduction) Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes Introduction of entropy as a state function Thermodynamics’ third law (brief introduction)
IX	Equilibrium	Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes Dynamic nature of equilibrium Law of mass action Equilibrium constant Factors affecting equilibrium Ionization of polybasic acids Acid strength Concept of pH Henderson Equation Solubility product
X	Redox Reactions	Concept of oxidation and reduction Redox reactions Oxidation number Balancing redox reactions In terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number Applications of redox reactions
XI	s-Block Elements	Group 1 and Group 2 Elements in Introduction Electronic configuration Occurrence Anomalous properties of the first element of each group Diagonal relationship Trends in property variation (such as ionisation enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii) Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen Water Hydrogen and halogens and applications
XII	Some p-Block Elements	Introduction to p-Block Elements in General Group 13 Elements: Overview, electronic configuration, occurrence, property fluctuation, oxidation states, chemical reactivity trends, anomalous features of the group’s founding element, Boron – physical and chemical properties. Group 14 Elements: Overview, electronic configuration, occurrence, property variation, oxidation states, chemical reactivity trends, and anomalous behaviour of the initial elements. Allotropic structures, physical and chemical characteristics, carbon-catenation
XIII	Hydrocarbons	Hydrocarbon classification Aliphatic hydrocarbons (also known as aliphatic hydrocarbons) are a Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (only for ethane), physical properties, and chemical reactions of alkanes. Alkenes–Nomenclature, double bond structure (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: hydrogen addition, halogen addition, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition Alkynes–Nomenclature, triple bond structure (ethyne), physical features, techniques of synthesis, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water Introduction to aromatic hydrocarbons, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: electrophilic substitution process in monosubstituted benzene, nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, and the directional influence of functional groups Toxicity and carcinogenicity
XIV	Environmental Chemistry	Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution Chemical reactions in atmosphere Smog Major atmospheric pollutants Acid rains Ozone and its reaction Effects of depletion of ozone layer Greenhouse effect and global warming-pollution due to industrial wastes Green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution Strategies for control of environment pollution

Biology Syllabus
Check the PSEB Biology Syllabus below:

Unit	Title	Topics
I	Diversity of Living Organisms	Chapter-1: The Living World: What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens Chapter-2: Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom: Salient features and classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms – classification upto class, characteristic features and examples Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom: Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category). (No live animals or specimens should be displayed.)
II	Structural Organization in Plants and Animals	Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants: Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical Syllabus) Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals: Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)
III	Cell: Structure and Functions	Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life: Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus Chapter-9: Biomolecules: Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymestypes, properties, enzyme action Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
IV	Plant Physiology	Chapter-11: Transport in Plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients – Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition: Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants: Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism
V	Human Physiology	Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination: Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease

Social Science Syllabus
Check the PSEB Social Science Syllabus below:

Part A
Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction	What is Economics? Definitions of Economics (Wealth, Material Welfare, Scarcity and Growth Definitions). Economic Activities. Nature of Economics, Economic Policies, Economic Systems. Positive and Normative economics. Meaning of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics; Difference and interdependence between Micro and Macro Economics. Scope, Importance, subject matter and limitations of Micro Economics. What is an economy? Central problems of an economy: what, how and for whom to produce. Production Possibility curve, the slope of production possibility curve, the concept of opportunity cost and marginal opportunity cost. Shifts and rotations of production possibility curve.  Solution of various central problems with production possibility curve.
Unit 2: Consumer’s Equilibrium and Theory of Demand	Consumer’s equilibrium – meaning of consumer’s equilibrium, the meaning of utility and various types of utility and their interrelationship. Law of diminishing marginal utility and Law of  Equi-Marginal utility. Conditions of consumer’s equilibrium using marginal utility analysis in case of one and two commodities. Theory of Demand: Meaning, types of demand, Demand schedule, Demand Curve and its slope, Law of Demand- its assumptions and exceptions. Determinants of demand. Movement along and shifts in the demand curve. Price elasticity of demand – Meaning, degrees of price elasticity of demand, factors affecting price elasticity of demand; measurement of price elasticity of demand with percentage method along with numericals.
Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply	Theory of Production: Meaning of Production and production function. concepts of total product, Average Product and Marginal Product. Concept of short Run and long run in production and laws of return to a variable factor and return to scale. Economies and Diseconomies of scale. Theory of Cost: Meaning and types of cost. Short-run costs – total cost, total fixed cost, total variable cost; Average cost; Average fixed cost, average variable cost and marginal cost. Relationship between various types of cost. Long-run cost curves Theory of Supply: Meaning and types. Supply schedule and Supply Curve and its slope. Determinants of supply. Movements along and shifts in supply curve. Price elasticity of supply; measurement of price elasticity of supply with percentage method. Factors affecting price elasticity of supply. Concepts of Revenue – Meaning and types of revenue. Total, average and marginal revenue – meaning and their relationship. Revenue curves under different market situations Producer’s equilibrium-meaning and its conditions in terms of marginal revenue and marginal cost approach. Concept of Gross profits and Net profits.
Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition	Forms of Market: Meaning and features of a Market. Forms of Market: Perfect Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition and their features. Price Determination under Perfect competition- Determination of equilibrium through market forces and effect of shifts in demand and supply curves on equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity

Part B
Statistics for Economics

In this course, the learners are expected to acquire skills in collection, organisation and presentation of quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to various simple economic aspects systematically. It also intends to provide some basic statistical tools to analyse, and interpret any economic information and draw appropriate inferences. In this process, the learners are also expected to understand the behaviour of various economic data.

Unit 5: Introduction	Statistics in Economics: Meaning, scope, functions, nature, limitations and importance of statistics in Economics. Concept of statistics in singular and plural sense with their characteristics.
Unit 6: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data	Collection of data – sources of data – primary and secondary data: their meaning, difference between primary and secondary data, methods for collection primary and secondary data along with their suitability, advantages and limitations. Some important sources of secondary data: Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation. Theory of Census and Sampling: Meaning of census and sample method along with their suitability, merits and demerits. Method of sampling: Random sampling, Stratified sampling, Systematic sampling, Quota sampling, Convenience sampling and Purposive sampling. Sampling and Non-Sampling errors. The organisation of Data: Meaning and types of variables; Meaning and types of series: Individual, Discrete and Continuous series (various types of continuous series). Various concepts related with the formation of series. Presentation of Data: Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data: (i) Geometric forms (bar diagrams and pie diagrams), (ii) Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon and ogive) and (iii) Arithmetic line graphs (time series graph).
Unit 7: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion	Measures of Central Tendency: Meaning of Central Tendency, Features, Arithmetic Mean (simple), Median and other positional averages (Quartile, Decile and Percentile) and Mode (by inspection method only). Relationship between various measures of central tendency and choice of the best measure of central tendency. Measures of Dispersion: Meaning, Absolute measures of Dispersion (Range, Quartile’s Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation). Relative measures of 3 Dispersion (Co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile-deviation, Coefficient of Mean deviation, Coefficient of Standard Deviation and Coefficient of variation). Lorenz Curve.

Part C
Punjab Economy

Unit 8: An Overview of Punjab Economy

Physical Resources of Punjab, Manpower Resources of Punjab, Agriculture Development of Punjab since 1966, Industrial Development of Punjab and Financial System of Punjab.

Exam Blueprint

The Punjab plus two Blueprint is well-structured, allowing students to grasp the subjects covered quickly. Knowing the Blueprint before the start of the academic session will make it easier for students to learn the principles delivered in the classroom.

 

Punjab Higher Secondary Education has released the Punjab State Plus One Blueprint for students, instructors, and parents. Students should go over the Blueprint to better understand the subjects they’ll be learning during the year. It also assists students in comprehending the chapter size and mark distribution for each chapter. Teachers must build a schedule utilising the Blueprint copy to engage classes correctly.

Mathematics Blueprint

Sl. No	Unit	Topic	Marks
1	Set and Function	Sets	05
2		Relations and Functions	06
3		Trigonometric Functions	12
4	Algebra	Principle of Mathematical Induction	04
5		Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations	08
6		Linear Inequalities	07
7		Permutations and Combinations	04
8		Binomial Theorem	03
9		Sequences and Series	04
10	Coordinate Geometry	Straight Lines	05
11		Conic Sections	03
12		Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry	02
13	Calculus	Limits and Derivatives	05
14	Mathematical Reasoning	Mathematical Reasoning	02
15	Statistics and Probability	Probability	03
16		Statistics	07
Total Questions			36
Total Marks			80
Internal Assessments			20

Physics Blueprint Class XI – 2021-22 (Theory)

Unit	Title	Marks
Unit–I	Physical World and Measurement : Chapter–1: Physical World Chapter–2: Units and Measurements	23
Unit–II	Kinematics: Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Unit–III	Laws of Motion Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Unit–IV	Work, Energy and Power Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power	17
Unit–V	The motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Unit–VI	Gravitation Chapter–8: Gravitation
Unit–VII	Properties of Bulk Matter Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter	21
Unit–VIII	Thermodynamics Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Unit–IX	The behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Unit–X	Oscillations and Waves Chapter–14: Oscillations Chapter–15: Waves	09
	Total	70

Practical List:

Two experiments one from each section	8+8 Marks
Practical record (experiment and activities)	6 Marks
Investigatory Project	3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project	5 Marks
Total	30 Marks

Chemistry Blueprint

Sl. No	Unit	No. of Periods	Marks
1	Basic Concepts of Chemistry	12	11
2	Structure of Atom	14
3	Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties	8	04
4	Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	14	21
5	States of Matter: Gases and Liquids	12
6	Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques	16
7	Hydrogen	14
8	Thermodynamics	6	16
9	Equilibrium	8
10	Redox Reactions	10
11	s-Block Elements	14
12	Some p-Block Elements	14	18
13	Hydrocarbons	12
14	Environmental Chemistry	06
	Total	160	70

Chemistry Practicals

Evaluation Scheme for Examination	Marks
Volumetric Analysis	08
Salt Analysis	08
Content-Based Experiment	06
Project Work	04
Class Record and Viva	04
Total	30

Biology Blueprint

Unit	Title	No. of Period	Marks
I	Diversity of Living Organisms	23	10
II	Structural Organization in Plants and Animals	23	12
III	Cell: Structure and Functions	34	14
IV	Plant Physiology	40	17
V	Human Physiology	40	17
Total	160	70

Practice Exam Questions

Biology Practicals

Evaluation Scheme	Marks
One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3,7,8)	5
One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 6,9,10,11,12,13)	4
Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2,4,5)	5
Spotting Part B	7
Practical Record + Viva Voce	4
Project Record + Viva Voce	5
Total	30

How to Download PSEB 11th Exam Blueprint 2022?

• Visit the official website of Punjab Board Class 11 www.pseb.ac.in.
• Punjab 11th Marking Scheme 2022 is available on the homepage.
• Select a link from the list below. You will be redirected to a new page where the Marking Scheme 2022 will be displayed.
• Click on the Download Button to get the PSEB 11th Marking Scheme 2022 PDF.
• After you’ve finished downloading the PSEB +1 Marking Scheme 2022,
• Check out the Punjab 11th Blueprint 2022 PDF and get ready for the exam.

Practical/Experiments list & Model writeup

Periods tests

1. A periodic test is a paper-and-pencil examination administered by the subject teacher. 

2. Each topic may be subjected to three periodic tests throughout the academic year. 

3. Once all three periodic tests have been completed, schools will convert the weighting of each of the three tests into ten points each to choose the best two tests. The best two will be considered, and the average of the two will be used to determine the final PT grade. 

4. The school will provide easy documentation to keep track of student progress.

ACTIVITIES 

1. To find the number of subsets of a given set and verify that if a set has n number of elements, then the total number of subsets is 2n.
2. To verify that for two sets A and B, ݊ (ܣ × ܤ = (ݍ݌ and the total number of relations from A to B is 2 ௣௤ , where ݊ (ܣ = (݌ and n (B) = q 
3. To represent set-theoretic operations using Venn diagrams. 
4. To verify distributive law for three given non-empty sets A, B and C, that is, (ܥ ∪ ܣ) ∩ (ܤ ∪ ܣ) = (ܥ ∩ ܤ) ∪ ܣ. 
5. To identify a relation and a function. 
6. To distinguish between a Relation and a Function. 
7. To verify the relation between the degree measure and the radian measure of an angle. 
8. To find the values of sine and cosine functions in the second, third and fourth quadrants using their given values in the first quadrant. 
9. To find the number of ways in which three cards can be selected from the given five cards.
10. To construct a Pasal’s Triangle and to write binomial expansion for a given positive integral exponent. 
11. To obtain the formula for the sum of squares of first n-natural numbers. 
12. An alternative approach to obtain a formula for the sum of squares of first n natural numbers. 
13. To demonstrate that the Arithmetic means of two different positive numbers is always greater than the Geometric mean. 
14. To establish the formula for the sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers. 
15. To construct an ellipse using a rectangle. 
16. To construct an ellipse with given major and minor axes. 26. To construct an ellipse when two fixed points are given.
17. To explain the concept of octants by three mutually perpendicular planes in space.
18. To write the sample space, when a die is rolled once, twice…….
19. To write the sample space, when a coin is tossed once, two times, three times, four times.

Biology Experiments

Study and analyze the description of three locally available flowering plants from families Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of particular geographical location). Study the dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show number of chambers. Types of root, stem, leaf etc is studied. 

1. Prepare and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems. 
2. Osmosis study by potato osmometer. 
3. Plasmolysis study in epidermal peels such as Rhoeo leaves. 
4. Study the stomato distribution in upper and lower leave surface. 
5. Study the rate of transpiration in both upper and lower leave surface.
6. Test the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats.
7. Separation of plant pigments via paper chromatography. 
8. Study the respiration rate in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds. 
9. Test for the presence of urea in urine. 
10. Test for the presence of sugar in the urine. 
11. Test for the presence of albumin in the urine. 
12. Test for the presence of bile salts in urine.

B. Study/observation of the following (spotting) 

1. Study of the parts of a compound microscope. 
2. Study of the specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons – bacteria, oscillatoria, spirogyra, rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen. 
3. Study of virtual specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons – hydra, liver fluke, ascaris, leech, earthworm, amoeba, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit. 
4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides. 
5. Mitosis study in onion root tip cells and animal cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.
6. Study of modifications in roots, stems and leaves. 
7. Study and identification of different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose). 
8. Study of imbibition in seeds or raisins. 
9. Observation and comments on the experimental set up for showing: 
   a) Anaerobic respiration 
   b) Phototropism 
   c) Effect of apical bud removal 
10. Study of human skeleton and other different types of joints with the help of virtual images/models only. 
11. Study of external morphology of cockroaches with the help of virtual images/models.

Chemistry Experiments

Experimentation List

Micro-chemical methods are even available for several of the experiments. Wherever possible such techniques should be used: 

A. Basic Laboratory Techniques such as: 

1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod 
2. Bending a glass tube 
3. Drawing out a glass jet 
4. Boring a cork 

B. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances such as: 

1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound. 
2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound. 
3. Crystallization of impure samples of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid. 

C. Experiments based on pH 

(a) Any one of the following experiments: 

• Determination of pH for some solutions that are obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator. 
• Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration. 
• Examine the pH change in the titration of a strong base using a universal indicator. 

(b) Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases. 

(c) Chemical Equilibrium 

One of the following experiments: 

• Examine the shift in equilibrium between ferric-ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of ions. 
• Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions. 

E. Quantitative Estimation 

1. Using a chemical balance. 
2. Prepare the standard solution of Oxalic acid. 
3. Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium Hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid. 
4. Preparation of standard solution of Sodium Carbonate. 
5. Determination of strength of a given solution of Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.

F. Qualitative Analysis 

• Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt 
• Cations-Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, [NH4]+
• Anions-[CO3] 2-, S2- ,[SO3]2- , [SO4]2-, [NO3]- , Cl, Br, I, [PO4] 3- , [C2O4] 2-, CH3COO- (Note: Insoluble salts excluded) 
• Detection of-Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds. 

PROJECT

Specific investigations involve laboratory testing and collecting detail from other sources. A few suggested Projects includes:

• Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ions. 
• Study the methods of water purification. 
• Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, chloride, etc., depending upon the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any). 
• Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and checking the effect of addition of Sodium Carbonate on it. 
• Study the acidity of different tea leaves samples. 
• Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids. 
• Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers. 
• Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices. 

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be selected upon the approval of the teacher. 

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI

Note: Same Evaluation scheme and general guidelines for visually impaired students as given for class XII may be followed. 

A. List of apparatus for identification for assessment in practicals (All experiments)

Beaker, Tripod stand, Wire gauze, glass rod, funnel, filter paper, Bunsen burner, test tube, test tube stand, dropper, test tube holder, ignition tube, china dish, tongs, funnel, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, standard flask, pipette, burette, conical flask, funnel, clamp stand, dropper, wash bottle, filter paper. • Odour detection in qualitative analysis • Procedure/Setup of the apparatus 

B. List of Experiments 

A. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances
1. Crystallization of an impure sample of any one of the following: copper sulphate, benzoic acid 

B. Experiments based on pH
1. Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solutions of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper
2. Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration. 

C. Chemical Equilibrium
1. Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either ion.
2. Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6] 2+ and chloride ions by changing the concentration of either of the ions. 

D. Quantitative estimation
1. Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.
2. Determination of molarity of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it against a standard solution of oxalic acid. 

E. Qualitative Analysis
1. Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
2. Cations-[NH]+ Anions-[CO3] 2-, S 2-, [SO3] 2-, Cl, CH3COO (Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
3. Detection of Nitrogen in the given organic compound.
4. Detection of Halogen in the given organic compound. 

Physics Experiments

The list of Physics experiments list is given below:

1. Use of Vernier Callipers 

• To measure diameter & volume of a small spherical/cylindrical body. 
• To measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/ calorimeter and hence find its volume.

2. Use of Screw Gauge 

• To measure the diameter of a given wire.
• To measure thickness of a given sheet. 

3. Determine the volume of an irregular lamina with the help of a screw gauge.

4. Determine the radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer. 

5. Determine the mass of two different objects using beam balance. 

6. Find the weight of a given body using the parallelogram law of vectors.

7. Using a simple pendulum, plot its L-T2 graphs and use it to find the effective length of a second’s pendulum. 

8. Study variation of time period of a simple pendulum for a given length by taking bobs of same size but different masses and interpret the result. 

9. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to find coefficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface. 

10. To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to the gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination (θ) by plotting a graph between force and sinθ

Activities (For the purpose of demonstration only) 

1. To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g. 0.2cm, 0.5 cm. 
2. Determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments. 
3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars. 
4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane. 
5. To study the variation in range of a Projectile with angle of projection. 
6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane (using a double inclined plane). 
7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.

SECTION-B Experiments

1. To determine young’s modulus of a given wire by using Searle’s apparatus. 
2. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method. 
3. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given liquid by measuring the terminal volume of the spherical body. 
4. To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a cooling curve. 
5. To determine the specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid (ii) liquid by method of mixtures. 
6. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using a sonometer. 
7. To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using a sonometer. 
8. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two-resonançe positions. 
9. To find out the spring constant of a helical spring from its load-extension graph. 
10. To study the variation in volume (V) with pressure (P) for a sample of air at constant temp. by plotting graphs between P&V and between P & 1/V. 

Activities 

1. Observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax. 
2. Observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip. 
3. To nóte the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observations. 
4. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillary rise. 
5. To stúdy the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
6. To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loaded. (i) at its end (ii) in the middle. 
7. To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid. 

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI 

Note: Same Evaluation Scheme and general guidelines for visually impaired students as given for class XII may be followed.

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity of the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments) 

Spherical ball, Cylindrical objects, vernier calipers, beaker, calorimeter, Screw gauge, wire, Beam balance, spring balance, weight box, gram and milligram weights, forceps, Parallelogram law of vectors apparatus, pulleys and pans used in the same ‘weights’ used, Bob and string used in a simple pendulum, meter scale, split cork, suspension arrangement, stop clock/stop watch, Helical spring, suspension arrangement used, weights, arrangement used for measuring extension, Sonometer, Wedges, pan and pulley used in it, ‘weights’ Tuning Fork, Meter scale, Beam balance, Weight box, gram and milligram weights, forceps, Resonance Tube, Tuning Fork, Meter scale, Flask/Beaker used for adding water. 

B. List of Practicals 

1. To measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body using vernier callipers. 2. To measure the internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using vernier callipers and hence find its volume.
3. To measure the diameter of given wire using screw gauge.
4. To measure the thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
5. To determine the mass of a given object using a beam balance.
6. To find the weight of a given body using the parallelogram law of vectors. 9
7. Using a simple pendulum plot-L-T and L-T2 graphs. Hence find the effective length of the second’s pendulum using appropriate length values.
8. To find the force constant of a given helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension. (i) To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using a sonometer. (ii) To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension, for constant frequency, using a sonometer.
9. To find the speed of sound in air, at room temperature, using a resonance tube, by observing the two resonance positions. 

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations

Preparation Tips

Students who will be taking the Punjab Board 11th exam in 2022 should read and follow the following helpful preparation recommendations to ace the exam:

 

Determine the things you need to learn about and rank them in order of importance. As a result, you’ll have a better idea of where to start your research, what themes to address, and other crucial aspects. You should also review the Punjab Board 11th exam pattern to determine how each topic is weighted and plan accordingly.

Examine the syllabus: The first and most important Punjab Board 11th preparation advice is to go over the syllabus. Knowing the syllabus is the most important component of any exam preparation. So, first and foremost, properly review the curriculum.

Make a study timetable: The next piece of Punjab Board 11th test preparation advice is to create and keep to a study schedule in order to study systematically. When organising your study schedule, divide your time between all subjects in a shuffled manner. To keep the mind busy, schedule time for hobbies and interests.

Examine the Punjab Board’s 11th grade test schedule and design a calendar that covers the entire curriculum at least two months before the exams. Then start revising to help you remember the topics.

Refer to prescribed and reference books: Once you’ve decided on the things to study, you should be able to grasp all of the themes from the recommended books. These books provide easy-to-understand information on a variety of topics. You can go on to other reference books after completing the prescribed volumes to practise with additional questions on specific themes.

Keep a separate notebook for each subject: Keeping a separate notebook for each subject is a good habit to develop because it allows you to jot down important points, chapter summaries, and your own responses to questions. These notebooks are excellent for revising and boosting your Punjab Board 11th grade exam results.

Remove all doubts: As the proverb goes, “a little information is a dangerous thing.” So, if you have any questions about a subject, have them answered and learn the concepts. Leaving your doubts unresolved could result in a misunderstanding. You could talk to your topic instructors, seniors, or peers to clear up any doubts you have.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle and a positive outlook: A popular and accurate adage goes, “A healthy mind dwells in a healthy body.” So keep yourself in shape. Maintain a healthy and well-balanced diet. Stay hydrated by drinking water while studying. Keep your mind and body in shape by doing some gentle workouts. Take an early stroll to clear your head.

Exam Taking Strategy

Important Notes to Remember Before Taking the Punjab Board 11th Exam in 2022

Before taking the Punjab Board 11th exam in 2022, candidates should read the following guidelines:

• Students must arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the exam, as they will be allowed an additional 15 minutes to go over the Punjab Board 11th Exam question papers 2022.
• Candidates are cautioned not to employ any unethical methods, as they will be immediately removed from the exam hall.
• According to the Punjab Board 11th Exam timetable 2022, students must bring their own stationery because sharing it with others is not permitted in the test hall.
• Candidates are not permitted to bring any electronic devices, such as calculators or cell phones.
• Students should keep in mind that they are not permitted to write anything on the Punjab Board 11th Exam hall ticket 2022, even with a pencil.

Detailed Study plan

Class 11 Physics, Chemistry, Maths, and Biology are very different from what you learned in Class 10. The difficulty levels are vastly different. In the Class 11 syllabus, new chapters, concepts, and themes have been included, as well as much more depth on each concept and topic. So, in order to do well, one must have a broad understanding of the subject. 

In addition, compared to Class 10, Class 11 requires a far greater understanding of theories, mathematics, visualisations, and so on. Furthermore, exam questions are no longer straightforward. As a result, one must plan accordingly.

1. Physics is a science in which certain key theories and principles serve as the foundation for all other theories. As a result, the Punjab Board Class 11 Physics syllabus must be taken seriously. Otherwise, you won’t be able to comprehend anything from the Physics syllabus for Class 12.

• Understand the chapters completely, from beginning to end, without missing any concepts. Keep in mind that you must be able to visualise the numerous mechanisms, processes, and experiments, among other things. When it comes to Physics, this is critical.
• In a separate notebook, jot down the key points for each chapter: definitions, brief descriptions, formulas, diagrams, equations, and so on.
• From the sample issues, learn how to tackle problems in a systematic way.
• At the end of the chapter, answer the practise questions. Mark difficult questions so you may go back and review/practice them later.

2. Chemistry: The Class 11 Chemistry syllabus is divided into three sections: Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry. Organic and inorganic chemistry are two types of chemistry. Organic chemistry is simpler than physical and inorganic chemistry since it involves more chemical processes.

• Refer to the other author Class 11 textbook for Chemistry, just like you would for Physics. Remember to grasp every concept, topic, mechanism, process, reaction, and so on. 
• Chemistry necessitates the memorising of several formulas, reactions, equations, and the like. So jot down the equations, reactions, and formulas as you study.
• Make a list of definitions for different terminology, as well as brief descriptions of relevant processes, reactions, and experiments.
• If you don’t practise the reactions and equations on a regular basis, you’ll forget them.
• The example problems will give you an idea of how to tackle challenges.
• At the end of the chapter, answer the questions.
• Regularly review the theory, equations, reactions, and formulas.

3. Mathematics: For engineering students, Mathematics is a crucial topic. This subject necessitates the memorising of numerous formulas. It is not suggested, however, to memorise formulas without first knowing the theory behind them.

• Understand the philosophy behind each subject and topic by consulting the other author textbooks.
• Write down the formulas for a chapter, making sure you understand them, what they mean, and how to apply them.
• Make a mental note of the formulas.
• Examine the solutions to the issues to learn how to solve them.
• Finish the chapter by answering the questions at the conclusion. The more you practise Maths, the better you will become. 
• You will also uncover and learn many shortcuts and strategies to tackle difficulties as you practice.

4. Biology is crucial for medical students. It is a theory-based subject that necessitates the recall of numerous diagrams, procedures, scientific names, and so on.

• Read the other author Class 11 Biology books in full to understand the various concepts.
• Important phrases, points, concise descriptions, diagrams, flow charts, scientific names, and so on should all be written down. Then, to avoid forgetting, go over them on a frequent basis.
• Solve questions at the end of each chapter. Then, both the theory and the questions, revise them on a regular basis.

Attempt Mock Tests

Student Counselling

The Student Counseling Cell’s goal in coping with concern and stress is to help students become more self-aware and realise their full potential. Students can express their academic and social issues in a fun and engaging environment in the counselling cell.

Counseling provides students with the encouragement, support, and tools they need to succeed in school and contribute to their local and global communities. Rather than restoring adults, the goal of this technique is to strengthen students.

Children will thrive as individuals if a protective strategy emphasises being proactive in ensuring that they acquire crucial skills and habits. Preventative education is delivered through individual and group seminars, as well as classroom training. This curriculum is tailored to our children’s requirements as they move through their developmental stages.

Parent/Gaurdian counselling

Being a parent can be the most rewarding, but it can also be the most draining experience you will ever have. When your child has learned to walk and talk, you may teach them life skills like having a conversation and resolving conflict. It’s easy to become overwhelmed when there are so many parenting books to select from (each claiming to have discovered the one ideal method to raise your child).

Parent therapy is a nonjudgmental service that provides information, skills, and emotional support to parents. Parent therapy, unlike family counselling, which has its own set of benefits, focuses on how you, as the parent, influence your family’s dynamics.

Parent therapy employs a number of techniques and modalities to help parents better understand their natural parenting style, as well as how specific impediments affect and modify it. When a parent understands how to cope with their issues, they can focus entirely on preserving, improving, or restoring family harmony.

When a parent-child combination encountered issues a few years ago, the youngster was counselled first. While child counselling is sometimes necessary, parents have far more authority to improve their children’s behaviour to better the entire family.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. How can I check the status of my PSEB 11th Class e-books for the year 2022?
A. Students should go to PSEB’s official website, http://www.pseb.ac.in/en/11th-class-syllabus-0 and click on the Textbook Link mentioned above. Click on the “11th Class Textbook 2022, Click to Download Pdf Format” link at the top of the page.

Q2. What are the PSEB 11th Class Streams?
A. The Punjab School Education Board offers three 11th-grade streams: science, commerce, and arts and humanities.

Q3. What exactly is the PSEB?
A. The Punjab School Education Board is a school board situated in Mohali, Chandigarh, India, that was established by a legislative act of the Punjab Government to administer the curriculum taught in public schools in the Punjab State, conduct standardised examinations, and publish textbooks.

Q4. What is the procedure for downloading PSEB 11th Class Books?
A. Download the Punjab Board 11th Class Book 2022 at www.pseb.ac.in.
Candidates can obtain the Punjab Board Books class-wise for all subjects in various mediums by clicking on the links mentioned on the website above. Subject experts have created Punjab State Board Books for Classes 1 to 12 based on the most recent Syllabus.

Q5. Which books are better: PSEB or NCERT?
A. If you’re wondering whether NCERT Textbooks must be recommended in all PSEB schools, the answer is no. Colleges may or may not recommend it, but for the most part, it is recommended to maintain the NCERT books on hand as at least some reference textbooks.

Dos and Donts

Q1. How can I check the status of my PSEB 11th Class e-books for the year 2022?
A. Students should go to PSEB’s official website, http://www.pseb.ac.in/en/11th-class-syllabus-0 and click on the Textbook Link mentioned above. Click on the “11th Class Textbook 2022, Click to Download Pdf Format” link at the top of the page.

Q2. What are the PSEB 11th Class Streams?
A. The Punjab School Education Board offers three 11th-grade streams: science, commerce, and arts and humanities.

Q3. What exactly is the PSEB?
A. The Punjab School Education Board is a school board situated in Mohali, Chandigarh, India, that was established by a legislative act of the Punjab Government to administer the curriculum taught in public schools in the Punjab State, conduct standardised examinations, and publish textbooks.

Q4. What is the procedure for downloading PSEB 11th Class Books?
A. Download the Punjab Board 11th Class Book 2022 at www.pseb.ac.in.
Candidates can obtain the Punjab Board Books class-wise for all subjects in various mediums by clicking on the links mentioned on the website above. Subject experts have created Punjab State Board Books for Classes 1 to 12 based on the most recent Syllabus.

Q5. Which books are better: PSEB or NCERT?
A. If you’re wondering whether NCERT Textbooks must be recommended in all PSEB schools, the answer is no. Colleges may or may not recommend it, but for the most part, it is recommended to maintain the NCERT books on hand as at least some reference textbooks.

List of Schools

Since independence, Punjab has placed a great value on education. Many schools have been named the best in Punjab. A mechanism has been placed to ensure that all children aged 6 to 14 receive free primary education. The Punjab government has been working to enhance the number of educational institutions and top schools in the province in order to ensure that no child is left behind when it comes to receiving an education.

S. No.	Name of the school	Board
1	GOVERNMENT SCHOOL	PSEB
2	GOVT. CO EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, RURKA KALAN, JALANDHAR	PSEB
3	GOVT. SECONDARY SCHOOL, KALA BAKRA, JALANDHAR	PSEB
4	GOVT.SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, MALSIAN, JALANDHAR	PSEB
5	GOVT.SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, UMARPUR KALAN, JALANDHAR	PSEB
6	S K.S. B GOVT. SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, CHAK KALAN, JALANDHAR	PSEB
7	GOVT.SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, RANDHAWA MASANDAN, JALANDHAR	PSEB
8	MALWA PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, GHAGGA, PATIALA	PSEB
9	SARAOUN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL, NEAR PROFESSOR COLONY, JALALPUR, PATIALA	PSEB
10	TIWARI MODEL HIGH.SCHOOL, TRIPURI TOWN, PATIALA	PSEB

Parent Counselling

Being a parent can be the most rewarding, but it can also be the most draining experience you will ever have. When your child has learned to walk and talk, you may teach them life skills like having a conversation and resolving conflict. It’s easy to become overwhelmed when there are so many parenting books to select from (each claiming to have discovered the one ideal method to raise your child).

Parent therapy is a nonjudgmental service that provides information, skills, and emotional support to parents. Parent therapy, unlike family counselling, which has its own set of benefits, focuses on how you, as the parent, influence your family’s dynamics.

Parent therapy employs a number of techniques and modalities to help parents better understand their natural parenting style, as well as how specific impediments affect and modify it. When a parent understands how to cope with their issues, they can focus entirely on preserving, improving, or restoring family harmony.

When a parent-child combination encountered issues a few years ago, the youngster was counselled first. While child counselling is sometimes necessary, parents have far more authority to improve their children’s behaviour to better the entire family.

Q1. How can I help my children learn at home?

A. Some of the ways which you can follow are given below:

• Demonstrate to your children a favourable attitude toward education.
• Keep an eye on your child’s TV, video game, and Internet usage.
• Encourage your youngster to read as much as he or she can.
• Have a conversation with your child…
• Encourage your child to check out books from the library.

Q2. How can I help my child prepare for the test?

A. The importance of tests in deciding a student’s grade cannot be overstated. As a parent, there are a variety of ways you may support your child before and after a standardised test, as well as a variety of ways you can support your child’s learning habits on a daily basis to help them be better prepared when the time comes to be tested. It’s vital to be supportive of your child’s efforts on standardised tests and to help them get their best results.

Q3. What can I do to help my child succeed in school?

A. You can follow the given points to help your child succeed in the schools:

• Participation Options
• Attend back-to-school activities or other forms of orientation.
• Inquire about your teacher’s preferred method of communication.
• Demonstrate at home a favourable attitude toward education.
• Encourage people to read.
• Assist with homework management.
• Attend school functions.
• Attend gatherings of parent organisations.

Q4. In what way can I help my child to do the homework?

A. If you’re having trouble assisting your child with homework or school assignments, try if you can locate someone who can. Tutoring groups, after-school programmes, and libraries should all be contacted. Alternatively, see if an older student, a neighbour, or a friend can assist.

Q5. How can I keep a record of my child’s performance?

A. Inquire with the teacher about your child’s performance in class in comparison to other children. If your child is falling behind, especially in reading, find out what you or the school can do to help. It’s critical to act quickly before your youngster falls behind. Make sure to go over your child’s report card every time it arrives.

List of Future Exam

Class 11 is one of the preparatory phases for most continuing education courses. The syllabus and preparation for Class 11 would let us pass several national-level exams and enrol in various courses for future progress.

Let's have a look at the several national competitive examinations that are accessible after class 11:

Stream	Exam
Engineering	Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main JEE Advanced Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test (BITSAT) entrance exam COMED-K IPU-CET (B. Tech) Manipal (B. Tech) VITEEE AMU (B. Tech) NDA Entrance with PCM (MPC)
Medical	National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) AIIMS JIPMER
Defence Services	Indian Maritime University Common Entrance Test Indian Navy B.Tech Entry Scheme Indian Army Technical Entry Scheme (TES) · National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I)
Fashion and Design	National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Entrance Test National Institute of Design Admissions All India Entrance Examination for Design (AIEED) Symbiosis Institute of Design Exam Footwear Design and Development Institute Maeer’s MIT Institute of Design National Institute of Fashion Design National Aptitude Test in Architecture Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT)
Social Sciences	Banaras Hindu University IIT Madras Humanities and Social Sciences Entrance Examination (HSEE) TISS Bachelors Admission Test (TISS-BAT)
Law	Common-Law Admission Test All India Law Entrance Test (AILET)
Science	Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) National Entrance Screening Test (NEST)
Mathematics	Indian Statistical Institute Admission Admissions to Universities Various B.Sc Programs Banasthali Vidyapith Admission

Learning from Real World

You can go through the given points below:

1. Students who are unable to apply what they learn in class to the “real world” are at risk of dropping out. 
2. Students can better comprehend why they are in school and how the programmes will help them reach their goals by incorporating real-life experiences into the classroom.
3. Hands-on goals like building a structure in arithmetic class or designing a prosthetic leg for a duck in technology class help students understand abstract subjects like algebra and science while also offering actual evidence that their education matters. 
4. On the other hand, this form of training demands more than a textbook.

Future Skills

Coding

Coding is a computer programming language that is used to construct software, websites, and applications. If it weren’t for it, we wouldn’t have Facebook, cellphones, the browser we have been using to read our favourite blogs, or even the websites themselves. Code is in charge of everything.

For tech-savvy individuals willing to put in the time and desire to learn, coding isn’t tough. People who aren’t persistent enough to pursue coding give it an unfairly bad reputation. In the simplest coding languages, there are only a few hundred words and rules to remember. That’s a drop in the bucket as compared to learning a spoken foreign language. Once you’ve mastered the fundamental languages, learning new coding methodologies is rather simple. Several programming languages use similar methodologies to design and debug computer applications.

Although each coding language has its own vocabulary and features, there is considerable overlap. However, new coders should not be overwhelmed by the multiplicity of programming types. There are just about a dozen programming languages that are extensively used. Among them are Ruby, Swift, JavaScript, Cobol, Objective-C, Visual Basic, and Perl. Let’s have a look at some of the most common programming languages that beginners should be aware of:

• HTML (hypertext markup language)
• Sun Microsystems created Java as an object-oriented programming language in 1995. Java commands are used to create single-machine or full-server programmes, as well as simple online applets. Java is a widely-used programming language for mobile apps and video games, especially on Android devices.
• Python was created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum as a server-side web and software development language. Python has an easy-to-understand, English-like syntax for scripting back-end processes in high-performance programmes, user interfaces, and operating systems. Many systems, like Google and NASA’s Integrated Planning System, employ Python.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 
• The C programming language was created in 1972 by Bell Labs to create the UNIX operating system. With only 32 keywords, C is the simplest programming language for scripting embedded devices, network drivers, and artificial intelligence. The C programming language may be used in several ways to interface with computer hardware.
• C++ is an object-oriented programming language 
• PHP (hypertext processor) is a web development computer language created in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf. By integrating server programming and HTML, PHP is widely used to create dynamic website content. WordPress, an open-source online platform that runs 20% of all websites and blogs, uses PHP considerably.
• SQL (structured query language)

Here are a few high-demand jobs that look for individuals who can code.

• Database Administrator
• Web Developer
• Analyst in Information Security
• Applications Developer
• Health Informatics Specialist
• Instructional Designer
• Digital Marketing Manager 

DIY (Do it yourself)

DIY (do-it-yourself) is a project-based, activity-based learning method. Topics such as English and Hindi can be taught through play, while social science issues can be taught through conversation, surveys, and fieldwork. Experiments, field studies, and other methods can be used to learn science. Some mathematics disciplines, such as profit and loss, area measurement, and so on, should be taught to students through activities. Embibe App has DIY activities for every grade, subject, and chapter to make learning fun and meaningful.

The following DIY skills should be mastered by students:

• Windmill Water Pump 
• Homemade Solar Water Heater 
• Wireless Electricity Transfer Project
• Build Your Own Telescope

IoT

In a nutshell, the Internet of Things is the concept of linking any device (as long as it has an on/off switch) to the Internet and other connected devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vast network of networked objects and people that collect and share information about how they are used and the world around them.

This includes everything from smart microwaves that cook your food for the exact amount of time you specify to self-driving cars with complex sensors that detect objects in their path to wearable fitness devices that track your heart rate and the number of actions you take each day and use that information to recommend exercise programmes tailored to you. Even connected footballs can track how far and how fast they are thrown and record the information in an app for practice.

People can use the internet of things to live and work more intelligently and gain complete control over their lives. In addition to delivering smart gadgets to automate homes, the Internet of Things is vital to business. The Internet of Things provides businesses with a real-time perspective of how their systems work, delivering data on anything from machine performance to supply chain and logistical operations.

The Internet of Things can help businesses automate operations and save money on human resources. Cutting production and transportation costs and increasing transparency in consumer transactions also lowers waste and improves service delivery.

As a result, the Internet of Things has become one of the most important technologies in modern society. It will gain traction as more businesses recognise the need for linked devices in staying competitive.

Career Skills

The abilities you have that enable you to do your job and manage your career are known as career skills. These are in addition to the abilities and technical knowledge required to perform the tasks of your career.

The following are some of the job skills taught in the curriculum that will help each student succeed in the future:

• Retail
• Information Technology
• Security
• Automotive
• Introduction to Financial Markets
• Introduction to Tourism
• Beauty and Wellness
• Agriculture
• Food Production
• Front Office Operations
• Banking and Insurance
• Marketing and Sales
• Healthcare
• Apparel
• Multimedia
• Multi Skill Foundation
• Artificial Intelligence
• Physical Activity Trainer
• Data Scientist
• School Teacher
• Assistant Professor
• Analyst
• Statistician
• Architect
• Law
• Actuarial Science
• Defense
• Listening Skills: Languages can assist you in improving your listening ability.
• Understanding workplace diversity: Group activities, theatre, and contests expose participants to various viewpoints.
• Communication skills: Communication abilities are one of the most vital qualities in every profession and everyday life. Group discussions, debates, and seminars are a few examples of indirect ways to build communication abilities.
• Students’ research abilities include: Science projects typically aim to improve students’ research abilities.
• Students must focus on time, preparation, and execution for curricular and co-curricular activities, examinations, contests, and other events.
• Leadership qualities are instilled in kids through school parliaments, group activities, and school assemblies, among other things.
• Maintaining emotional equilibrium: No two days are alike at school or home. It is possible to have both positive and negative experiences. Emotional stability and power should be taught to students.
• Self-survey: Using the child’s anecdotal narrative is the best way to self-survey.
• Exploring information: Using the school library, artificial intelligence, and Do It Yourself to research information (DIY).
• Language skills: these are taught in schools in topics including English, Hindi, Sanskrit, and French, among others.

Career Prospects/Which stream to choose

Although the Class 11 test does not result in a direct job decision, students should be informed about career alternatives to further their research in their selected field. Students can pursue their interests in science, commerce, the arts, fine arts, and other professions after Class 11. A student must pass scientific and competitive tests such as NEET, JEE, and others if they want to pursue a profession in medicine or engineering. Students can apply for CA, CS, FCA, and other business-related positions. Students who want to work in journalism, law, fine arts, or airline hostess should study the arts or humanities.