Ladakh Board Class 11

Previously a part of the Jammu & Kashmir education board (JKBOSE), the Ladakh board announced in March 2022 that they would now be affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Ladakh was declared as a Union Territory in 2019. This move was made to increase the participation of students at national level examinations. The transition from JKBOSE to CBSE is still in progress and in the 2021-22 academic year, students of classes 10 and 12 appeared in the JKBOSE board exams as their enrollment had already been done.

Following the completion of this transition, CBSE will become the official examination authority of the Union Territory, which will include directly conducting the secondary (10th) and senior secondary (12th) level examinations. Moreover, the Ladakh board will also adopt the curriculum, syllabus and textbooks prescribed by CBSE.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Exam Summary

Refer to the table below to check the overview of the Ladakh Board Class 11 exam:

Particulars	Details
Exam	Ladakh Board Class 11
Conducting Authority	Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); Previously J&K Board of School Education (JKBOSE)
Medium of Instruction	English, Hindi
Mode of Examination	Offline
Exam Level	School Level
Exam Duration	3 hours
Streams	Science, Commerce and Arts
Official Website	dse.ladakh.gov.in

Ladakh Board Official Website

https://ladakh.nic.in/

The detailed syllabus of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology is given below:

Ladakh Board Class 11 Mathematics Syllabus

The Ladakh Board Class 11 Mathematics syllabus is given below: 

Term – I
Unit	Chapters	Topics
Set and Function	Sets	Sets and their representations. Empty set. Finite and Infinite sets. Equal sets. Subsets. Subsets of a set of real numbers, especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Ordered pairs. Cartesian product of sets. Number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets. Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself ( R x R only).Definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs.
	Relations and Functions
Algebra	Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations	Need for complex numbers, especially√−1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution of quadratic equations (with real coefficients) in the complex number system. Sequence and Series. Arithmetic Progression (A. P.). Arithmetic Mean (A.M.) Geometric Progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M.
	Sequences and Series
Coordinate Geometry	Straight Lines	Brief recall of two dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point -slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Distance of a point from a line
Calculus	Limits	Intuitive idea of limit. Limits of polynomials and rational functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
Statistics and Probability	Statistics	Measures of Dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.
Term – II
Set and Function	Trigonometric Functions	Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth of the identity sin2x + cos2x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions. Domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs. Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple applications. Deducing identities like the following:
Algebra	Linear Inequalities Permutations and Combinations	Linear inequalities. Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables. Graphical method of finding a solution of a system of linear inequalities in two variables. Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, formula for nPr and nCr, simple applications.
Coordinate Geometry	Conic Sections Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry	Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle. Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points and section formula.
Calculus	Derivatives	Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically. Definition of Derivative, relate it to scope of tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions.
Statistics and Probability	Probability	Random experiments; outcomes, sample spaces (set representation). Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Physics Syllabus

The Ladakh Board Class 11 Physics syllabus is given below:

Term – I
Units	Chapters	Topics
Unit–I	Physical World and Measurement	Physics-scope and excitement Nature of physical laws Physics, technology and society Need for measurement Units of measurement Systems of units SI units Fundamental and derived units Length, mass and time measurements Accuracy and precision of measuring instruments Errors in measurement Significant figures Dimensions of physical quantities Dimensional analysis and its applications.
	Chapter–1: Physical World
	Chapter–2: Units and Measurements
Unit-II	Kinematics	Frame of reference Motion in a straight line Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Differentiation and integration for characterising motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, evenly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs are all covered. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment). Scalar and vector quantities Position and displacement vectors General vectors and their notations Equality of vectors Multiplication of vectors by a real number Addition and subtraction of vectors Relative velocity, Unit vector Resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components Scalar and Vector product of vectors.
	Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line
	Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Unit–III	Laws of Motion	Intuitive concept of force Inertia Newton’s first law of motion Momentum and Newton’s second law of motion Impulse Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces Static and kinetic friction Laws of friction Rolling friction Lubrication
	Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Unit–IV	Work, Energy and Power	Work done by a constant force and a variable force Kinetic energy Work-energy theorem Power Notion of potential energy Potential energy of a spring Conservative forces Conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies) Non-conservative forces Motion in a vertical circle Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions
	Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power
Unit–V	Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body	Centre of mass of a two-particle system Momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body Centre of mass of a uniform rod Moment of a force, torque Angular momentum Law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion Comparison of linear and rotational motions Moment of inertia Radius of gyration Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
	Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Unit-VI	Gravitation	Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential Escape velocity Orbital velocity of a satellite Geo-stationary satellites.
	Chapter–8: Gravitation
Term – II
Unit–VII	Properties of Bulk Matter	Elastic behaviour Stress-strain relationship Hooke’s law Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity Poisson’s ratio Elastic energy Pressure due to a fluid column Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes) Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Heat, temperature Thermal expansion Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases Anomalous expansion of water Specific heat capacity Cp, Cv – calorimetry Change of state – latent heat capacity.
	Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids
	Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids
	Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter
Unit–VIII	Thermodynamics	Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics) Heat, work and internal energy First law of thermodynamics Isothermal and adiabatic processes Second law of thermodynamics Reversible and irreversible processes Heat engine and refrigerator
	Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Unit–IX	Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases	Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases Assumptions Concept of pressure Kinetic interpretation of Temperature rms speed of gas molecules Degrees of freedom Law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases Concept of mean free path Avogadro’s number.
	Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Unit–X	Oscillations and Waves	Periodic motion – time period Frequency Displacement as a function of time Periodic functions Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equation Phase Oscillations of a loaded spring-restoring force and force constant. Reflection of light Spherical mirrors Mirror formula Refraction of light Total internal reflection and its applications Optical fibres Refraction at spherical surfaces Lenses Thin lens formula Lensmaker’s formula Magnification Power of a lens Combination of thin lenses in contact Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus

The Ladakh Board Class 11 Chemistry syllabus is given below:

Term – I
Unit	Topics
Unit 1: Some Fundamental Chemistry Concepts Introduction in General	Chemistry’s importance and scope. Chemical processes Stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry Atomic and molecular masses Mole concept and molar mass Percentage composition Empirical and molecular formula Chemical reactions and Stoichiometry
Unit 2: Atomic Structure	Bohr’s model and its limitations Concept of shells and subshells Dual nature of matter and light De Broglie’s relationship Heisenberg uncertainty principle Concept of orbitals Quantum numbers Shapes of s, p, and d orbitals Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule Electronic configuration of atoms Stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals Electronic configuration of atoms
Unit 3: Elements’ Classification and Periodicity in Properties	Periodic trends in element characteristics -atomic radii, Ionic radii, inert gas radii Ionisation enthalpy Electrons gain enthalpy electronegativity Valency Elements having an atomic number greater than 100 have a different nomenclature.
Unit 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	Ionic bond Covalent bond Bond parameters Lewis structure Polar character of covalent bond Covalent character of ionic bond Valence bond theory Resonance Geometry of covalent molecules VSEPR theory Concept of hybridization Involving s, p, and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules(qualitative idea only) Hydrogen bond
Unit 5: Redox Reaction	Concepts of oxidation and reduction Redox reactions Oxidation number Balancing redox reactions in terms of electron loss and gain, as well as oxidation number change.
Unit 6: Hydrogen	Hydrogen’s position in the periodic table Occurrence Isotopes Hydrides-ionic Covalent and interstitial Water’s physical and chemical properties Heavy water Hydrogen as a fuel
Unit 7: Organic Chemistry – Some Fundamental Principles and Techniques	Organic compounds: a general introduction, classification, and IUPAC nomenclature Inductive effect Electromeric effect Resonance Hyperconjugation are all examples of electronic displacements in a covalent bond Free radicals Carbocations Carbanions Electrophiles and nucleophiles Kinds of organic reactions: homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent link
Term – II
Unit 8: State of Matter: Gases and Liquids	Intermolecular interactions Forms of bonding, melting and boiling points The function of gas laws in clarifying the notion of the molecule are all discussed Boyle’s law Charles law Gay Lussac’s law Avogadro’s law Ideal behaviour Empirical derivation of the gas equation Avogadro’s number Ideal gas equation and departure from ideal behaviour are all terms used in the field of mathematics.
Unit 9: Chemical Thermodynamics	System concepts and types Surroundings Work Heat Energy Extensive and intensive qualities and state functions are all covered Internal energy and enthalpy Measuring U and H Hess’s law of constant heat summation Enthalpy of bond dissociation Combustion Formation Atomization Sublimation Phase transition Ionisation Solution and dilution are all covered under the first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamics’ second law (brief introduction) Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes Introduction of entropy as a state function Thermodynamics’ third law (brief introduction)
Unit 10: Equilibrium	Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes Dynamic nature of equilibrium Law of mass action The equilibrium constant Factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle Ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases Strong and weak electrolytes Degree of ionization Ionization of polybasic acids Acid strength The concept of pH Buffer solution Solubility product Common ion effect (with illustrative examples).
Unit 11: s-Block	Group 1 and Group 2 Elements in Introduction Electronic configuration Occurrence Anomalous properties of the first element of each group Diagonal relationship Trends in property variation (such as ionisation enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii) Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen Water Hydrogen and halogens and applications
Unit 12: Some p-Block Elements	Introduction to p-Block Elements in General Group 13 Elements: Overview, electronic configuration, occurrence, property fluctuation, oxidation states, chemical reactivity trends, anomalous features of the group’s founding element, Boron – physical and chemical properties. Group 14 Elements: Overview, electronic configuration, occurrence, property variation, oxidation states, chemical reactivity trends, and anomalous behaviour of the initial elements. Allotropic structures, physical and chemical characteristics, carbon-catenation
Unit 13: Hydrocarbons	Hydrocarbon classification Aliphatic hydrocarbons (also known as aliphatic hydrocarbons) are a Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (only for ethane), physical properties, and chemical reactions of alkanes. Alkenes–Nomenclature, double bond structure (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: hydrogen addition, halogen addition, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition Alkynes–Nomenclature, triple bond structure (ethyne), physical features, techniques of synthesis, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water Introduction to aromatic hydrocarbons, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: electrophilic substitution process In monosubstituted benzene, nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, and the directional influence of functional groups Toxicity and carcinogenicity.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Biology Syllabus

The Ladakh Board Class 11 Biology syllabus is given below:

Units	Chapter Name
Term – I
Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms	Chapter-1: The Living World: What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; binomial nomenclature. Chapter-2: Biological classification, five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids. Chapter-3: Plant kingdom, salient features and classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. (salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of each category). Chapter-4: Animal kingdom, salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and distinguishing features of a few examples of each category). (No live animals or specimens should be displayed.)
Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants	Chapter-5: Morphology of flowering plants, morphology of inflorescence and flower, description of 01 family: Solanaceae or Liliaceae (to be dealt along with the relevant experiments of the Practical Syllabus). Chapter-7: Structural organization in animals, animal tissues.
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function	Chapter-8: Cell-The unit of life cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus. Chapter-9: Biomolecules, chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Term – II
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function	Chapter-10: Cell cycle and cell division, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Unit-IV Plant Physiology	Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in higher plants, photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis. Chapter-14: Respiration in plants, exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient. Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and development, growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
Unit-V Human Physiology	Chapter-17: Breathing and exchange of gases, respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders. Chapter-18: Body fluids and circulation, composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure. Chapter-19: Excretory products and their elimination, modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant. Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction. Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse. Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease. Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Exam Blueprint

The details of the blueprint according to the marks allotted to each unit is given below:

Ladakh Board Class 11 Mathematics Blueprint

90 Minutes Max Marks: 40

Sl. No	Unit	Marks
I	Sets and Functions	11
II	Algebra	13
III	Coordinate Geometry	6
IV	Calculus	4
V	Statistics and Probability	6
	Total	40
	Internal Assessment	10
	Grand Total	50

Sl. No	Unit	Marks
I	Sets and Functions (Cont.)	8
II	Algebra (Cont.)	11
III	Coordinate Geometry (Cont.)	9
IV	Calculus (Cont.)	6
V	Statistics and Probability (Cont.)	6
	Total	40
	Internal Assessment	10
	Grand Total	50

Ladakh Board Class 11 Chemistry Blueprint

Unit	Marks
Chapter-1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Chapter-2: Structure of Atom	11
Chapter-3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties	4
Chapter-4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure	6
Chapter-5: Redox Reactions Chapter-6: Hydrogen	5
Chapter-7: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques	9
Total	35

Sl. No	Units	Marks
I II III	States of Matter: Gases and Liquids Chemical Thermodynamics Equilibrium	15
IV V	s -Block Elements Some p -Block Elements	11
VI	Hydrocarbons	9
	TOTAL	35

Ladakh Board Class 11 Biology Blueprint

Unit	Title	Marks
1	Diversity of Living Organisms	15
2	Structural Organization in Plants and Animals	8
3	Cell: Structure and Function	15
4	Plant Physiology	15
5	Human Physiology	17
	Total	70

Biology Practicals

Evaluation Scheme	Marks
One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No. 1, 3)	5
One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No. 4, 5, 6)	4
Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No. 2)	5
Spotting Part B	7
Practical Record + Viva Voce	4
Project Record + Viva Voce	5
Total	30

Ladakh Board Class 11 Physics Blueprint

Unit	Title	Marks
Unit–I	Physical World and Measurement : Chapter–1: Physical World Chapter–2: Units and Measurements	20
Unit–II	Kinematics: Chapter–3: Motion in a Straight Line Chapter–4: Motion in a Plane
Unit–III	Laws of Motion Chapter–5: Laws of Motion
Unit–IV	Work, Energy and Power Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power	15
Unit–V	The motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body Chapter–7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion
Unit–VI	Gravitation Chapter–8: Gravitation
Unit–VII	Properties of Bulk Matter Chapter–9: Mechanical Properties of Solids Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter	23
Unit–VIII	Thermodynamics Chapter–12: Thermodynamics
Unit–IX	The behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter–13: Kinetic Theory
Unit–X	Oscillations and Waves Chapter–14: Oscillations Chapter–15: Waves	12
	Total	70

Physics Practicals

Two experiments one from each section	8+8 Marks
Practical record (experiment and activities)	6 Marks
Investigatory Project	3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project	5 Marks
Total	30 Marks

Ladakh Board Class 11 Practical/Experiments List

Ladakh Board Class 11 Physics Practical List

The list of projects/experiments which are supposed to be done in 11th grade Physics is given below:

• Determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of a wire’s material.
  OR
• Plotting a graph between load and extension to determine the force constant of a helical spring.
• Plot graphs between P and V, as well as P and 1/V, to investigate the fluctuation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at a constant temperature.
• The capillary rise method was used to calculate the surface tension of water.
  OR
• By measuring the terminal velocity of a spherical body, the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid can be determined.
• Plotting a cooling curve to investigate the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
• Using the mixing approach, find the specific heat capacity of a given solid.
• Using a sonometer, investigate the relationship between frequency and length of a given wire under continuous stress.
  OR
• Using a sonometer, investigate the relationship between wire length and tension for a constant frequency.
• Using a resonance tube and two resonance sites, determine the speed of sound in air at ambient temperature.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Biology Practical List

The list of projects/experiments which are supposed to be done in 11th grade Biology is given below:

• Research and describe a common flowering plant found in your area, from any family: Dissection and display of floral whorls, anther, and ovary to indicate a number of chambers in Solanaceae or Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae, or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of particular geographical area) (floral formulae and floral diagrams).
• Analysis of stomata distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
• Plant pigment separation using paper chromatography.
• Research on the rate of respiration in flower buds, leaf tissue, and seedlings.
• Examine the urine for the presence of sugar.
• Examine the urine for the presence of albumin.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Chemistry Practical List

The list of projects/experiments which are supposed to be done in 11th grade Chemistry is given below:

• Sulphide ion testing is used to detect bacterial contamination in drinking water.
• Water purification methods are being researched.
• Testing the hardness, presence of iron, fluoride, chloride, and other ions in drinking water based on regional variation, and research into the causes of these ions being present above the permissible limit (if any).
• The foaming capacity of various washing soaps was investigated, as well as the effect of adding sodium carbonate on it.
• Investigate the acidity of various tea leaf samples.
• The rate of evaporation of various liquids is determined.
• Investigate the effect of acids and bases on fibre tensile strength.
• The acidity of fruit and vegetable juices was investigated.

Students who will be taking the Ladakh Board 11th exam in 2022 should read and follow the given preparation recommendations to ace the exam:

• Examine the syllabus: The first and most important Ladakh Board 11th preparation tip is to go over the syllabus. Knowing the syllabus is the most important component of any exam preparation. So, first and foremost, properly review the curriculum. They should decide which topics they should research and rank them in order of significance. As a result, they’ll have a better idea of where to start their research, what subjects are essential to include, and other crucial elements. They should also review the Ladakh board 11th exam pattern to determine how each topic is weighted and plan accordingly.
• Create a study program: Create and stick to a study schedule in order to study systematically. When organising your study schedule, divide your time between all subjects in a shuffled manner. To keep the mind busy, schedule time for hobbies and interests.  Examine the Ladakh board’s 11th grade exam schedule and construct a schedule that covers the entire curriculum at least two months before the tests. Then start revising to help you remember the topics.
• Read recommended and relevant books: Once you’ve decided on the things to study, you should be able to grasp all of the themes from the recommended books. These books provide easy-to-understand information on a variety of topics. NCERT books are the most effective strategy to study for class 11 exams.  You can go on to other reference books after completing the prescribed volumes to practise with additional questions on specific themes.
• Keep a separate notebook for each subject: Keeping a separate notebook for each subject is a good habit to develop because it allows you to jot down important points, chapter summaries, and your own responses to questions. These notebooks are excellent for reviewing and boosting your Ladakh Board 11th test marks.
• Remove all doubts: As the proverb goes, “a little information is a dangerous thing.” So, if you have any questions about a subject, have them answered and learn the concepts. Leaving your doubts unresolved could result in a misunderstanding. You could talk to your topic instructors, seniors, or peers to clear up any doubts you have.
• Maintain a happy attitude and a healthy lifestyle: “A healthy mind dwells in a healthy body,” says a popular and appropriate saying. As a result, stay in shape. You must have a nutritious, well-balanced meal and stay hydrated while studying by drinking water. You should do some mild workouts to maintain your mind and body in shape. Take a walk early in the morning to clear your mind.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Exam Taking Strategy

Before taking the Ladakh Board 11th exam, candidates should read the following guidelines:

• Students should arrive at the exam centre at least 30 minutes before the exam begins.
• Students are urged not to adopt unethical practices, as they will be instantly expelled from the exam room.
• According to the Ladakh board 11th exam schedule 2022, students must have their own stationery because sharing is not permitted in the exam hall.
• Students are not permitted to bring any electronic devices to the hall, such as calculators or cell phones.
• It is important for students to understand that writing anything on the Ladakh board 11th exam hall ticket 2022 is prohibited, even with a pencil.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Detailed Study Plan

Physics, Chemistry, Math, and Biology in Class 11 are not the same as they were in Class 10. New chapters, topics, and themes are added in the Class 11 syllabus, with greater depth in each concept and topic. This implies that in order to succeed, one needs to have a thorough comprehension of the subject.

Furthermore, when compared to Class 10, Class 11 necessitates a far deeper comprehension of theories, visualisations, and other concepts. Exam questions are also no longer straightforward. Therefore, proper planning is required.

1. In physics, certain fundamental theories and concepts serve as the foundation for all other theories. As a result, the Ladakh board Physics syllabus for Class 11 should be considered seriously. 

• Completely comprehend the chapters from beginning to end, without missing any concepts. Keep in mind that, among other things, you must be able to visualise the many methods, processes, and tests. This is crucial when it comes to physics.
• Write down the essential points for each chapter in a separate notebook: definitions, concise descriptions, formulas, diagrams, equations, and so forth.
• Learn how to approach difficulties in a systematic manner by studying the sample issues.
• Answer the practice questions at the end of the chapter. Make a note of difficult questions so you can review/practice them later.

2. Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry are the three areas of the Class 11 Chemistry syllabus. Organic chemistry is simpler than physical and inorganic chemistry since it involves more chemical processes.

• Students must memorise a variety of formulas, reactions, equations, and other concepts. As you learn, jot down the equations, reactions, and formulas.
• Make a collection of distinct terminology’ meanings, as well as concise descriptions of important processes, reactions, and experiments.
• You’ll forget the reactions and equations if you don’t practise them on a regular basis.
• Review the theories, formulas, reactions on a regular basis.

3. Mathematics is an important subject for engineering students. This subject demands the memorisation of a large number of formulas. However, memorising formulas without first understanding the theory underlying them is not recommended.

• Consult other textbooks to learn about the idea underlying each subject and topic.
• Make a list of each chapter’s formulas, making sure you understand them, what they mean, and how to use them.
• Memorise the formulas in your head.
• Analyse the issues’ solutions to discover how to resolve them.
• Answer the questions at the conclusion of the chapter to complete the chapter. You will improve your math skills as you practise more.
• As you practise, you’ll discover and acquire a variety of shortcuts and solutions for dealing with problems.

4. For medical students, Biology is essential. It’s a theory-based subject that requires you to remember a lot of diagrams, methods, scientific names, and so on.

• You can read other 11th grade Biology books to get a better understanding of the various themes.
• Important phrases, points, succinct descriptions, illustrations, flow charts, and scientific names, among other things, should all be written down. Then, in order to avoid forgetting, go over them frequently.

Q.1: In Ladakh, who is in charge of administering higher secondary and senior secondary exams?
Ans: The CBSE board has been given the responsibility for implementing higher secondary and senior secondary education and exams in the state. The CBSE board is linked with all of the schools in the state.

Q.2: What are the responsibilities and roles of the CBSE board in Ladakh?
Ans: The CBSE board has complete control over the execution of secondary and senior secondary education in the state’s affiliated schools. The board’s responsibilities include managing the curriculum, providing textbooks, and administering tests in all Ladakh Board schools.

Q.3: Who administers Ladakh’s entrance exams?
Ans: The Directorate of Technical Education conducts the Ladakh Common Entrance Test every year.

Q.4: In the Union Territory of Ladakh, what books are used in the classroom?
Ans: Because books are a significant study resource and play a vital role in the educational system. It’s also worth noting that the schools are affiliated with ICSE, JKBOSE, or CBSE, which means they follow the NCERT and ICSE board of education’s simplified curriculum.

Q.5: How can I get the Ladhakh Board Class 11 admit card?
Ans: Candidates can collect their admit cards from school within the last date.

There are many of public and private elementary, middle, high, and higher secondary schools throughout Ladakh. In Ladakh, schools are operated by many boards like CBSE, JKBOSE, ICSE, and others, and 109 schools in the Union Territory are affiliated with JKBOSE.

Here is a list of some of the top schools in Ladakh.

S.no	School Name and Address	School Code
1	Govt. Higher Secondary School Turtuk.	50001
2	Govt. Higher Secondary School Bogdang (Nubra).	50002
3	Govt. Higher Secondary School Diskit (Nubra)	50003
4	Govt. Higher Secondary School Girls Leh.	50004
5	Govt. Higher Secondary School Boys Leh.	50005
6	Govt. Higher Secondary School Chuchot Shama.	50006
7	Govt. Higher Secondary School Sakti.	50007
8	Govt. Higher Secondary School Tangtse.	50008
9	Govt. Higher Secondary School Nyoma.	50009
10	Govt. Higher Secondary School Saspol.	50010
11	Govt. Higher Secondary School Temisgam.	50011
12	Govt. Higher Secondary School Khaltsi.	50012
13	Govt. Higher Secondary School Skurbuchan.	50013
14	Govt. High School Hunder (Nubra).	50014
15	Govt. High School Sumoor (Nubra).	50015
16	Govt. High School Panamik (Nubra)	50016
17	Govt. High School Chushut (Changthang).	50017
18	Govt. High School Chumathang.	50018
19	Govt. High School Liktsey.	50019
20	Govt. High School Igoo.	50020
21	Govt. High School Shara.	50021
22	Govt. High School Gai	50022
23	Govt. High School Thiksay.	50023
24	Govt. High School Shey.	50024
25	Govt. High School Chuchot Gongma.	50025
26	Govt. High School Matho.	50026
27	Govt. High School Stok.	50027
28	Govt. High School Phyang.	50028
29	Govt. High School Nimoo.	50029
30	Govt. High School Basgo.	50030
31	Govt. High School Tai.	50031
32	Govt. High School Wanla.	50032
33	Govt. High School Lamayuru.	50033
34	Govt. High School Domkhar.	50034
35	Govt. High School Bema.	50035
36	Govt. High School Hanu Yokma.	50036
37	Govt. High School Hemis Kupchan	50037
38	Govt. High School Liker.	50038
39	Imamia Mission School Chuchot.	50039
40	Sidhartha School Stok.	50040
41	Mahabodhi Residential School Saboo Dho. Leh.	50041
42	Imamia Model School Leh.	50042
43	Islamia Public School Leh.	50043

Class 11 is one of the preparatory phases for most continuing education courses. The syllabus and preparation for Class 11 would let students pass a number of national-level exams and enrol in a variety of courses for future progress.
Let's have a look at the several national competitive examinations that are accessible after Class 11:

Stream	Exam
Engineering	Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main JEE Advanced Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test (BITSAT) entrance exam COMED-K IPU-CET (B. Tech) Manipal (B. Tech) VITEEE AMU (B. Tech) NDA Entrance with PCM (MPC)
Medical	National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) AIIMS JIPMER
Defence Services	Indian Maritime University Common Entrance Test Indian Navy B.Tech Entry Scheme Indian Army Technical Entry Scheme (TES) · National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I)
Fashion and Design	National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Entrance Test National Institute of Design Admissions All India Entrance Examination for Design (AIEED) Symbiosis Institute of Design Exam Footwear Design and Development Institute Maeer’s MIT Institute of Design National Institute of Fashion Design National Aptitude Test in Architecture Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT)
Social Sciences	Banaras Hindu University IIT Madras Humanities and Social Sciences Entrance Examination (HSEE) TISS Bachelors Admission Test (TISS-BAT)
Law	Common-Law Admission Test All India Law Entrance Test (AILET)
Science	Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) National Entrance Screening Test (NEST)
Mathematics	Indian Statistical Institute Admission Admissions to Universities Various B.Sc Programs Banasthali Vidyapith Admission

Coding

Coding is a computer programming language that is used to construct software, websites, and applications. If it weren’t for it, we wouldn’t have Facebook, cellphones, the browser we have been using to read our favourite blogs, or even the websites themselves. Code is in charge of everything. Once you’ve mastered the fundamental languages, learning new coding methodologies is rather simple. Several programming languages use similar methodologies to design and debug computer applications.

Although each coding language has its own vocabulary and features, there is considerable overlap. There are just about a dozen programming languages that are extensively used. Among them are Ruby, Swift, JavaScript, Cobol, Objective-C, Visual Basic, and Perl. Let’s have a look at some of the most common programming languages that beginners should be aware of.

• HTML (hypertext markup language) – HTML (hypertext markup language) is the industry standard for creating web pages that show electronic data. 
• Sun Microsystems created Java as an object-oriented programming language in 1995. Java commands are used to create single-machine or full-server programmes, as well as simple online applets. Java is a widely-used programming language for mobile apps and video games, especially on Android devices.
• Python is a software development language. Python has an easy-to-understand, English-like syntax for scripting back-end processes in high-performance programmes, user interfaces, and operating systems. Many systems, like Google and NASA’s Integrated Planning System, employ Python.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) – CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a scripting language for defining a website’s style. CSS tells internet browsers how to display a website’s layout, background colour, font size, cursor shape, and other elements. 
• The C programming language is used to create the UNIX operating system. With only 32 keywords, C is the simplest programming language for scripting embedded devices, network drivers, and artificial intelligence. 
• C++ is an object-oriented programming language based on C that enables you to do higher-level computer functions. Bjarne Stroustrup designed C++ in 1983 as a programming language that organises and stores data in bundles, allowing for more complex programmes. C++ is utilised to speed up processing in Adobe, Microsoft Office, Amazon, and Mozilla products.
• PHP (hypertext processor) is a web development computer language. By integrating server programming and HTML, PHP is widely used to create dynamic website content. 
• SQL (structured query language) is a domain-specific programming language that allows data to be streamed into a database. The majority of businesses rely on SQL to load, retrieve, and analyse data stored on their servers.

Here are a few high-demand jobs that look for individuals who can code.

• Database Administrator
• Web Developer 
• Analyst in Information Security 
• Applications Developer
• Health Informatics Specialist 
• Instructional Designer
• Digital Marketing Manager 

DIY (Do it yourself)

DIY (do-it-yourself) is a project-based, activity-based learning method. Topics such as English and Hindi can be taught through play, while social science issues can be taught through conversation, surveys, and fieldwork. Experiments, field studies, and other methods can be used to learn science. Some mathematics disciplines, such as profit and loss, area measurement, and so on, should be taught to students through activities. Embibe App has DIY activities for every grade, subject, and chapter to make learning fun and meaningful.

The following DIY skills should be mastered by students:

• Windmill Water Pump 
• Homemade Solar Water Heater 
• Wireless Electricity Transfer Project
• Build Your Own Telescope

IoT

In a word, the Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any gadget to the Internet and other connected devices (as long as it has an on/off switch). The Internet of Things (IoT) is a huge network of connected things and people that collect and share data about their use and the environment around them.

People may use the internet of things to live and work smarter and achieve complete control over their lives. The Internet of Things is critical to business in addition to supplying smart gadgets to automate households. Businesses may get a real-time view of how their systems work thanks to the Internet of Things, which delivers data on anything from machine performance to supply chain and logistical operations.

Businesses may use the Internet of Things to automate operations and save money on human resources. It also reduces waste and enhances service delivery by lowering production and shipping costs and enhancing transparency in consumer transactions.

As a result, the Internet of Things has emerged as one of the most crucial technologies in contemporary life. As more organisations recognise the need of connected devices in staying competitive, it will gain popularity.

Ladakh Board Class 11 Career Skills

The abilities you have that enable you to do your job and manage your career are known as career skills. These are in addition to the abilities and technical knowledge required to perform the tasks of your career.
The following are some of the job skills taught in the curriculum that will help each student succeed in the future:

• Retail
• Information Technology
• Security
• Automotive
• Introduction to Financial Markets
• Introduction to Tourism
• Beauty and Wellness
• Agriculture
• Food Production
• Front Office Operations
• Banking and Insurance
• Marketing and Sales
• Healthcare
• Apparel
• Multimedia
• Multi Skill Foundation
• Artificial Intelligence
• Physical Activity Trainer
• Data Scientist
• School Teacher
• Assistant Professor
• Analyst
• Statistician
• Architect
• Law
• Actuarial Science
• Defense

Career Prospects After Ladakh Board Class 11

Despite the fact that the Class 11 test does not result in a direct job decision, students should be informed about career alternatives in order to further their research in their selected field. Students can pursue their interests in science, commerce, the arts, fine arts, and other professions after Class 11. A student must pass scientific and competitive tests such as NEET, JEE, and others if they want to pursue a profession in medicine or engineering. Students can also apply for CA, CS, FCA, and other business-related positions. Students who want to work in journalism, law, fine arts, etc should study in the arts or humanities stream.