Kerala Board Class 11

Subject

Duration (in hrs)

Total marks

English

2.5

100

Physics

2

100

Chemistry

2

100

Biology

 (Botany and Zoology)

2

100

Computer Science

2

100

Economics

2.5

100

Mathematics

2.5

100

History

2.5

100

Political Science

2.5

100

Psychology

2

100

Geography

2

100

Sl.

No.

Date

Subjects

1

30/03/2022

Sociology
Anthropology
Electronic Service Technology (Old)
Electronic Systems

2

01/04/2022

Chemistry
History
Islamic History & Culture
Business Studies
Communicative English

3

05/04/2022

Maths
Part III Languages
Sanskrit Sastra
Psychology

4

07/04/2022

Part II Languages
Computer Information Technology (Old)
Computer Science And Information Technology

5

11/04/2022

Geography
Music
Social Work
Geology
Accountancy

6

13/04/2022

Biology
Electronics
Political Science
Sanskrit Sahitya
Computer Application
English Literature

7

18/04/2022

Part I English

8

20/04/2022

Physics
Economics

9

22/04/2022

Home Science
Gandhian Studies
Philosophy
Journalism
Computer Science
Statistics

• Sets and Their Representations
• Empty Set
• Finite and Infinite Sets
• Equal Sets
• Subsets
• Subsets of a set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations)
• Power Set
• Universal Set
• Venn Diagrams
• Union and Intersection of Sets
• Difference of Sets
• Complement of a Set

• Ordered pairs and Cartesian product of sets
• Number of elements in the cartesian product of two finite sets
• Cartesian product of the sets of real (up to R × R)
• Definition of −
• Relation
• Pictorial diagrams
• Domain, Co-domain and Range of a relation
• Function as a special kind of relation from one set to another
• Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function
• Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions −
• Constant
• Identity
• Polynomial
• Rational
• Modulus
• Signum
• Exponential
• Logarithmic
• Greatest integer functions (with their graphs)
• Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions

• Introduction to Trigonometric Functions
• Positive and negative angles
• Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion of one into other
• Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle
• Truth of the sin2x + cos2x = 1, for all x
• Signs of trigonometric functions
• Domain and range of trigonometric functions
• Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
• Expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple application
• Identities related to sin 2x, cos2x, tan 2x, sin3x, cos3x and tan3x
• General solution of trigonometric equations of the type sin y = sin a, cos y = cos a and tan y = tan a

• Introduction to Principle of Mathematical Induction
• Process of the proof by induction −
• Motivating the application of the method by looking at natural numbers as the least inductive subset of real numbers
• The principle of mathematical induction and simple applications

• Need for complex numbers, especially √1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quadratic equations
• Algebraic properties of complex numbers
• Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers
• Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
• Solution of quadratic equations in the complex number system
• Square root of a complex number

• Introduction to Linear inequalities
• Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line
• Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables
• Graphical solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables

• Introduction to Permutations and Combinations
• Fundamental principle of counting
• Factorial n
• (n!) Permutations and combinations
• Derivation of formulae and their connections
• Simple applications

• History
• Statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices
• Pascal’s triangle
• General and middle term in binomial expansion
• Simple applications

• Sequence and Series
• Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
• Arithmetic Mean (A.M.)
• Geometric Progression (G.P.)
• Arithmetic and Geometric series infinite G.P. and its sum
• Geometric mean (G.M.)
• Relation between A.M. and G.M.

• Introduction to Straight Lines
• Brief recall of two dimensional geometries from earlier classes
• Shifting of origin
• Slope of a line and angle between two lines
• Various forms of equations of a line −
• Parallel to axis
• Point-slope form
• Slope-intercept form
• Two-point form
• Intercept form
• Normal form
• General equation of a line
• Equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines
• Distance of a point from a line

• Sections of a cone −
• Circles
• Ellipse
• Parabola
• Hyperbola − a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section.
• Standard equations and simple properties of −
• Parabola
• Ellipse
• Hyperbola
• Standard equation of a circle

• Three–dimensional Geometry
• Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions
• Coordinates of a point
• Distance between two points
• Section Formula

• Limits
• Derivatives
• Limits of the trigonometric functions
• Algebra of the derivative of the function

• Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning
• Mathematically acceptable statements
• Connecting words/ phrases
• Validating the statements involving the connecting words difference between contradiction, converse and contrapositive

• Introduction to Statistics
• Measures of dispersion −
• Range
• Mean deviation
• Variance
• Standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data
• Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.

• Probability Introduction
• Random experiments −
• Outcomes
• Sample spaces (set representation)
• Types of Events
• Occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events
• Exhaustive events
• Mutually exclusive events
• Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability
• Connections with the theories of earlier classes
• Probability of An event
• Probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events

• What is physics?
• Scope and excitement of physics
• Physics, technology and society
• Fundamental forces in nature
• Nature of physical laws

• Introduction to units and measurements
• The international system of units
• Measurement of length
• Measurement of mass
• Measurement of time
• Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement
• Significant figures
• Dimensions of physical quantities
• Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations
• Dimensional analysis and its applications

• Introduction to motion in a straight line
• Position, path length and displacement
• Average velocity and average speed
• Instantaneous velocity and speed
• Acceleration
• Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Relative velocity

• Introduction to motion in a plane
• Scalars and vectors
• Multiplication of vectors by real numbers
• Addition and subtraction of vectors – graphical method
• Resolution of vectors
• Vector addition – analytical method
• Motion in a plane
• Motion in a plane with constant acceleration
• Relative velocity in two dimensions
• Projectile motion
• Uniform circular motion

• Introduction to laws of motion
• Aristotle’s fallacy
• The law of inertia
• Newton’s first law of motion
• Newton’s second law of motion
• Newton’s third law of motion
• Conservation of momentum
• Equilibrium of a particle
• Common forces in mechanics
• Circular motion
• Solving problems in mechanics

• Introduction to work, energy and power
• Notions of work and kinetic energy : The work-energy theorem
• Work
• Kinetic energy
• Work done by a variable force
• The work-energy theorem for a variable force
• The concept of potential energy
• The conservation of mechanical energy
• The potential energy of a spring
• Various forms of energy : the law of conservation of energy
• Power
• Collisions

• Introduction to the system of particles and rotational motion
• Centre of mass
• Motion of centre of mass
• Linear momentum of a system of particles
• Vector product of two vectors
• Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity
• Torque and angular momentum
• Equilibrium of a rigid body
• Moment of inertia
• Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes
• Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
• Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
• Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis
• Rolling motion

• Introduction to gravitation
• Kepler’s laws
• Universal law of gravitation
• The gravitational constant
• Acceleration due to gravity of the earth
• Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth
• Gravitational potential energy
• Escape speed
• Earth satellite
• Energy of an orbiting satellite
• Geostationary and polar satellites
• Weightlessness

• Stress and Strain
• Hooke’s Law
• Stress-Strain Curve

• Pascal’s Law Hydraulic machines
• Bernoulli’s Principle

• Thermal Expansion
• Change Of State

• First Law Of Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic Processes
• Heat Engines

• Kinetic theory of an ideal gas

• Simple Harmonic Motion
• The simple pendulum

• Displacement relation in a progressive wave
• The Speed of A Travelling Wave

• Importance and scope of Chemistry
• Laws of chemical combination
• Dalton’s atomic theory
• Atoms and molecules
• Atomic and molecular masses
• Mole concept
• Molar mass
• Percentage composition
• Empirical and molecular formula
• Chemical reactions
• Stoichiometry
• Calculations based on stoichiometry

• Discovery of Electron
• Proton and Neutron
• Atomic number
• Isotopes and isobars
• Thomson’s model and its limitations
• Rutherford’s model and its limitations
• Bohr’s model and its limitations
• de Broglie’s relationship
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Concept of orbitals
• Quantum numbers
• Shapes of s, p and d orbitals
• Rules for filling electrons in orbitals
• Aufbau principle
• Pauli’s exclusion principle
• Hund’s rule
• Electronic configuration of atoms
• Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

• Significance and development of periodic table
• Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table
• Periodic trends in properties of elements
• Atomic radii
• Ionic radii
• Inert gas radii
• Ionization enthalpy
• Electrons gain enthalpy
• Electronegativity
• Valency
• Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100

• Valence electrons
• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond
• Bond parameters
• Lewis structure
• Polar character of covalent bond
• Covalent character of ionic bond
• Valence bond theory
• Resonance
• Geometry of covalent molecules
• VSEPR theory
• Concept of hybridization
• S, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules
• Molecular orbital theory
• Hydrogen bond

• Three states of matter
• Intermolecular interactions
• Types of bonding
• Melting and boiling points
• Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule
• Boyle’s law
• Charles law
• Gay Lussac’s law
• Avogadro’s law
• Ideal behaviour
• Empirical derivation of gas equation
• Ideal gas equation
• Deviation from ideal behaviour
• Liquefaction of gases
• Critical temperature
• Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea)
• Liquid State – vapour pressure
• Viscosity and surface tension

• Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy,
• Extensive and intensive properties
• State functions
• First law of thermodynamics
• Internal energy
• Enthalpy
• Heat capacity
• Specific heat
• Measurement of ∆U and ∆H
• Hess’s law of constant heat summation
• Enthalpy of bond dissociation
• Combustion, formation, atomization
• Sublimation, phase transition, ionization
• Solution and dilution
• Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction)
• Introduction of entropy
• State function
• Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and non- spontaneous processes
• Criteria for equilibrium
• Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction).

• Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes
• Dynamic nature of equilibrium
• Law of mass action
• Equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium
• Le Chatelier’s principle
• Ionic equilibrium –
• Ionization of acids and bases
• Strong and weak electrolytes
• Degree of ionization
• Ionization of poly basic acids
• Acid strength
• Concept of pH
• Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea)
• Buffer solution
• Henderson Equation
• Solubility product
• Common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

• Concept of oxidation and reduction
• Redox reactions
• Oxidation number
• Balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number
• Applications of redox reactions

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table
• Occurrence
• Isotopes
• Preparation, properties of hydrogen
• Uses of hydrogen
• Hydrides – ionic covalent and interstitial
• Physical and chemical properties of water
• Heavy water
• Hydrogen peroxide – preparation, reactions and structure and use
• Hydrogen as a fuel

• Group 1 and Group 2 Elements General introduction
• Electronic configuration
• Occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii)
• Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, uses.
• Preparation and Properties of Some Important Compounds:
• Sodium Carbonate
• Sodium Chloride
• Sodium Hydroxide
• Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
• Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium
• Calcium Oxide
• Calcium Carbonate and their industrial uses
• Biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium.

• General Introduction to p -Block Elements
• Group 13 Elements:
• Boron – physical and chemical properties
• Some important compounds:
• Borax, Boric acid, Boron Hydrides, Aluminium: Reactions with acids and alkalis,
• Group 14 Elements:
• Carbon-catenation
• Allotropic forms
• Physical and chemical properties
• Uses of some important compounds: Oxides
• Important compounds of Silicon and a few uses
• Silicon Tetrachloride, Silicones, Silicates and Zeolites, their uses

• General introduction
• Methods of purification
• Qualitative analysis
• Quantitative analysis
• Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
• Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles
• Types of organic reactions

• Classification of Hydrocarbons
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
• Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
• Alkenes – Nomenclature, Structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
• Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons:
  Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene: resonance, aromaticity, chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene. Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

• Environmental pollution – air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smog, major atmospheric pollutants, acid rain, ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and global warming – pollution due to industrial wastes, green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategies for control of environmental pollution.

• Five kingdom classification
• Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups
• Lichens
• Viruses
• Viroids

• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups
• Algae
• Bryophyta
• Pteridophyta
• Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
• Angiosperms – classification up to class, characteristic features and examples

• Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed.
• Description of families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae

• Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems in dicots and monocots.
• Secondary growth

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life
• Structure of prokaryotic cells
• Structure of eukaryotic cells
• Plant cell
• Animal cell
• Cell envelope
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Cell organelles – structure and function
• Endomembrane system
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi bodies
• Lysosomes
• Vacuoles
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Plastids
• Microbodies
• Cytoskeleton
• Cilia
• Flagella
• Centrioles
• Nucleus

• Cell cycle
• Mitosis and their significance
• Meiosis and their significance

• Movement of water, gases and nutrients
• Cell to cell transport
• Diffusion
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active transport
• Plant-water relations
• Imbibition
• Water potential
• Osmosis
• Plasmolysis
• Long-distance transport of water
• Absorption
• Apoplast
• Symplast
• Transpiration pull
• Root pressure
• Guttation
• Transpiration
• Opening and closing of stomata
• Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients
• Transport of food
• Phloem transport
• Mass flow hypothesis

• Essential minerals
• Macro and micronutrients and their role
• Deficiency symptoms
• Mineral toxicity
• Elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition
• Nitrogen Metabolism
• Nitrogen cycle
• Biological nitrogen fixation

• ion
• Site of photosynthesis
• Pigments involved in photosynthesis
• Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis
• Cyclic Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutritand non-cyclic photophosphorylation
• Chemiosmotic hypothesis
• Photorespiration
• C3 and C4 pathways
• Factors affecting photosynthesis

• Exchange of gases
• Cellular respiration
• Glycolysis
• Fermentation
• TCA cycle
• Electron transport system
• Energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated
• Amphibolic pathways
• Respiratory quotient

• Seed germination
• Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate and conditions of growth
• Differentiation – Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
• Sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell
• Growth regulators
• Auxin Gibberellin
• Cytokinin
• Ethylene
• ABA
• Seed dormancy
• Photoperiodism and Vernalisation

• What is living?
• Biodiversity
• Need for classification
• Three domains of life
• Taxonomy and systematics
• Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy
• Binomial nomenclature
• Tools for study of taxonomy
• Museums
• Zoological parks
• Herbaria
• Botanical gardens
• Keys for identification.

• Salient features and classification of animals
• Non-chordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level

• Animal tissues
• Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect-cockroach

• Chemical constituents of living cells
• Biomolecules
• Structure and function of proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action

• Alimentary canal and digestive glands
• Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones
• Peristalsis
• Digestion absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
• Calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
• Egestion
• Nutritional and digestive disorders
• PEM
• Indigestion
• Constipation
• Vomiting
• Jaundice
• Diarrhoea

• Respiratory organs in animals
• Respiratory system in humans
• Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans
• Exchange of gases
• Transport of gases and regulation of respiration
• Respiratory volume
• Disorders related to respiration
• Asthma
• Emphysema
• Occupational respiratory disorders.

• Composition of blood
• Blood groups
• Coagulation of blood
• Composition of lymph and its function
• .Human circulatory system
• Structure of the human heart and blood vessels
• Cardiac cycle
• Cardiac output
• ECG
• Double circulation
• Regulation of cardiac activity
• Disorders of the circulatory system
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease
• Angina pectoris
• Heart failure

• Modes of excretion
• Ammonotelism
• Ureotelism
• Uricotelism
• Human excretory system -Structure and function
• Urine formation and Osmoregulation
• Regulation of kidney function
• Renin-angiotensin
• Atrial natriuretic factor
• ADH
• Diabetes insipidus
• Role of other organs in excretion
• Disorders of the excretory system
• Uremia
• Renal failure
• Renal calculi
• Nephritis
• Dialysis and artificial kidney
• Kidney transplant

• Types of movement
• Ciliary
• Flagellar
• Muscular
• Skeletal muscle
• Contractile proteins and Muscle contraction
• Skeletal system and its functions
• Joints
• Disorders of muscular and skeletal systems
• Myasthenia gravis
• Tetany
• Muscular dystrophy
• Arthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Gout

• Neuron and nerves
• Nervous system in humans
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Visceral nervous system
• Generation and conduction of nerve impulse
• Reflex action
• Sensory perception
• Sense organs
• Elementary structure and functions of eye and ear

• Endocrine glands and hormones
• Human endocrine system
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary
• Pineal
• Thyroid
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal
• Pancreas
• Gonads
• Mechanism of hormone action
• Role of hormones as messengers and regulators
• Hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders
• Dwarfism
• Acromegaly
• Cretinism
• Goiter
• Exophthalmic goitre
• Diabetes
• Addison’s disease.

• Evolution of Computing machines
• Abacus, Difference engine, Analytical engine
• Generations of computers

• Number systems,
• Number conversions – Decimal to non decimal and reverse,
• Shortcut methods (avoid fractional conversion)
• Representation of integers (Sign & Magnitude, l’s and 2’s complements) and characters (ASCII & Unicode),
• Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) and logic gates,
• Simple circuit designing.

• Processor, Ports, Memory (RAM only with measuring units),
• e-Waste and disposal methods,
• System software (OS, Language processors – compiler and interpreter),
• Free and open source software.

• Phases in programming (Listing only),
• Debugging (Types of errors),
• Flowchart symbols,
• Development of algorithms and flowcharts to solve simple problems only (except looping).

• Tokens and classification with examples

• Fundamental data types,
• Variables,
• Operators and classifications,
• Type conversion,
• Various types of statements,
• Structure of C++ program.

• Decision making statements (if, if – else, if – else if, switch),
• Iteration statements (while, for, do – while) – syntax and working, (Nesting not required),
• Jump statements (break, continue). (No programming)

• Declaration, Initialisation, Accessing elements, Operations (listing only with concept),
• Traversal operation with a simple program.

• Array declaration for string and initialisation,
• Input/Output operations,
• Use of get(), getline(), put(), write() functions. (No programming)

• Modular programming and merits,
• Predefined functions (string, mathematical, character),
• User-defined functions (Syntax, Concept of arguments and return value). (No programming)

• Advantages of network,
• Key terms (Bandwidth, noise, node),
• Communication devices (switch, router, gateway, bridge, modem),
• Network topologies,
• Identification of computers over network (MAC, IP)

• Services on Internet (Working procedure is not required)
• Cyber security (Computer virus, Trojan horse, hacking, phishing).