Goa Board Class 12 Exam

Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (GBSHSE) conducts the Class 12 examination every year in February and March. GBSHSE released the timetable for the Class 12 Exam on January 18, 2024. Previously, Goa HSSC exams were conducted in 2 parts — first term and second term; however, this year, there will be only one session. 

In this article, we have provided all the important information like subject-wise syllabus, exam dates, exam pattern, etc. Students should start studying from the beginning of the exam session to score excellent marks in the Board exams. They can take mock tests and solve sample questions on the Embibe app for practice. Read on to learn more details about the Goa Board Class 12 exams.

Goa Board Class 12 Exam Summary

All necessary details about the Goa Class 12 examination conducted by GBSHSE are tabulated below. The table gives a clear idea about the exam, the various options of languages available, and the important dates.

Name of the Board	Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education (GBSHSE)
Class	Class 12
Exam Date	Practicals: February 1, 2024 Theory: February 28 to March 18, 2024
Availability of Admit Card	Released on February 2, 2024
Goa board 12th result 2024 date	To be released
Article About	Goa Board Class 12 Exams
Official Website	gbshse.info

Goa Board Class 12 Exam Official Website

https://www.gbshse.info/

• Goa Board issued the Class 12 admit card on its portal on February 2, 2024, for schools.
• Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education (GBSHSE) has issued the final date schedule for HSSC Examination, March 2024. According to the GBSHSE Class 12 schedule, the board exams will be conducted from February 28 to March 18, 2024. However, the practicals will be conducted from February 1, 2024. Check out the timetable/date sheet in the table below.
• GBSHSE announced that there will be no term-wise exams.

The exam pattern for Goa Board HSSC exams includes information regarding the question paper, such as the number and kind of questions, parts of the paper, and mark distribution. The GBSHSE exam pattern varies depending on which papers are featured in the exam. For Biology, Chemistry, Geography, and Physics, the practical paper is worth 30 marks, while the theory paper is worth 70 marks. For non-practical topics such as Mathematics, History, Accounting, and Sociology, the theory paper is worth 80 marks, with the remaining 20 marks going to internal assessments and projects.

Chemistry

• The theory paper is of 70 marks and 2.5 hours in duration. 
• The syllabus is prepared per the core syllabus provided by CBSE. 
• The questions will be from all the units. 
• The question paper will have four sections A, B, C & D.
  • Section A will have 8 questions of one mark each. 
  • Section B will have 10 questions of 2 marks each.
  • Section C will have 9 questions of 3 marks each.
  • Section D will have 3 questions of 5 marks each. 
  • The total number of questions will be 30. 
• All questions will be compulsory. 
• There will be no overall choice. However, an internal choice will be provided in one question of section B, one question of section C and all the questions of section D. 
• A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.

Goa Board Class 12 Exam Date 2024

Students should know all the exam dates for the Goa Board Class 12 exam. It will help them allocate sufficient time to study and revise. The Goa Board Class 12 timetable is given in the table below:

Goa Board Class 12th Time Table 2024 (For Gen Arts, Commerce, and Science)

Date	Subjects
February 28, 2024	Geography, Geography (CSWN)
February 29, 2024	Marathi Language I, English Language I, English Language I (CWSN)
March 1, 2024	Automobile, Health Care, Retail, Tourism & Hospitality, Beauty & Wellness, Apparel, Construction, Media & Entertainment, Agriculture, Electronics-Installation Technician, Electronics Field Technician, Logistics Management, Painting
March 2, 2024	Psychology, Psychology (CSWN), Cookery
March 4, 2024	Psychology, Psychology (CSWN), Cookery
March 5, 2024	Sociology, Sociology (CSWN)
March 6, 2024	Biology, Geology
March 7, 2024	Marathi Language II, Marathi Language II (CWSN)
March 9, 2024	Banking, Computer Science, Co-operation, Co-operation (CSWN)
March 11, 2024	Political Science, Political Science (CSWN), Chemistry, Business Studies
March 13, 2024	English Language II, Urdu Language II, Sanskrit Language II, French Language II, Portuguese Language II, Konkani Language II, Konkani Language II (CWSN)
March 14, 2024	Secretarial Practice, Secretarial Practice (CWSN)
March 15, 2024	Mathematics
March 16, 2024	Economics, Economics (CSWN)
March 18, 2024	Mathematics & Statistics

Goa Board Class 12 Time Table 2024 For Vocational Stream

Exam Date	Subjects
February 28, 2024	English communication skills, English communication skills (CSWN)
March 1, 2024	Accountancy, Apparel Designing & Decoration, Confectionary, Auto transformation, Electronic material and workshop practice, Concept of health and disease, Travel formalities, Biology, Software application, Software application (CSWN), Food production, Olericulture
March 5, 2024	General Foundation Course, General Foundation Course (CSWN)
March 7, 2024	Computer Application, Computer Application (CSWN), Clothing Construction, Bakery, Bakery (CRM), Automobile Engineering-II, Digital electronics & Computers, Public Health and education, Chemistry, Mathematics, Pomology
March 9, 2024	Office Administration, Insurance-II, Business communication and Adv., Fiber to fabric and fashion marketing, Food Science and costing, Auto servicing and garage management, First aid and emergency care, Electronic & electrical measurements, Cost accounting & taxation, functional management, Introduction to the hospitality industry, Vegetable, Floriculture and landscaping, Software Technology, Software Technology (CSWN), Applied & Consumer electronics, Food & beverage service, Floriculture
March 12, 2024	Business administration, Banking-II, Marketing management, Dyeing & Printing, Accommodation operation, Accommodation operation (CRM), Auto Electricals, Domestic & consumer appliance, Maternal and child health, Principles & Practice of auditing, industrial Administration, Travel agency operations & ticketing, commercial crops, Web technology, Web technology (CSWN), Industrial electronics and instrument, gardening & landscaping

For the academic year 2024, the board has decided on the syllabus for Class 12.

Internal assessment/practical/project work will be made more credible and valid per the criteria to notify the board to ensure a fair distribution of marks.

Details of Curriculum Transaction

• Teachers will continue to teach in online mode until the authorities allow schools to teach in offline mode.
• Internal assessments for Class 12 would involve three periodic tests throughout the year. The third would be a creative one, with practical labour and other activities thrown in for good measure. This includes unit tests, exploratory activities, and practical projects.
• For all tests completed throughout the year, schools would establish a student profile and keep the data in a digital format.
• The board will make it easier for schools to upload the internal assessment marks to the board’s IT platform.
• Along with the rationalised syllabus, guidelines for internal assessments for all topics will be provided. Additional resources, such as sample tests, question banks, teacher training, and so on, are available to make internal assessments more reliable and valid.

Goa Board Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus

The below table consists of the detailed Maths syllabus for Goa Board Class 12 students:

Chapter Numbers	Chapter Names and Topics
1	Relations and Functions Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One-to-one and onto functions, composite functions, the inverse of a function.
2	Inverse Trigonometric Functions Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions
3	Matrices Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. On Commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).
4	Determinants Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of systems of linear equations by examples, solving systems of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using the inverse of a matrix.
5	Continuity & Derivatives Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation
6	Applications of Derivatives Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
7	Integration Integration as an inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof).Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
8	Application of Integration Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
9	Differential Equations Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equations whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. d?/d? + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.
10	Vectors Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors.
11	3 Dimensional Geometry Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.
12	Linear Programming Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimisation, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).
13	Probability Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of a random variable, Binomial probability distribution.

Goa Board Class 12 English Syllabus

Below are the chapter and prose names for Goa board Class 12 English:

Section	Chapter/Poetry Names
Poetry	To a Daughter Leaving Home
	Poison tree
	House with a Grey Gate
	The Lost Dances of Cranes
	Where the Mind is Without Fear
	The Song of the Jellicles
	All the World’s A Stage
Prose	The Street that Got Mislaid
	A Magical Animal
	Three Questions
	Catastrophe at Chernobyl
	The Last Class
	Elephants that Struck
	An Education in Science
	The Gold Frame
	One More Chance

Goa Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus

Find the detailed syllabus for Goa board Class 12 Physics below:

Chapter Number	Chapter Names and Topics
1	Electric Charges and Fields Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Charging by Induction, Basic Properties of Electric Charge, Coulomb’s law, Forces between multiple charges, Electric field, Electric field lines, Electric flux, Electric dipole, Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law
2	Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential Due to a Point Charge, Potential Due To An Electric Dipole, Potential Due To A System Of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy In An External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics And Polarisation, Capacitors And Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination Of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor
3	Current Electricity Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents In Conductors, Ohm’s Law, Drift Of Electrons And The Origin Of Resistivity, Limitations Of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity Of Various Materials, Temperature Dependence Of Resistivity, Electrical Energy, Power, Combination Of Resistors – Series And Parallel, Cells, Emf, Internal Resistance, Cells In Series And In Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer
4	Moving Charges and Magnetism Magnetic Force, Motion In A Magnetic Field, Motion In Combined Electric And Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Due To A Current Element, Biot Savart Law, Magnetic Field On The Axis Of A Circular Current Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, The Solenoid And The Toroid, Force Between Two Parallel Currents, The Amper, Torque On Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer
5	Magnetism and Matter Introduction, The Bar Magnet, Magnetism And Gauss’s Law, The Earth’s Magnetism, Magnetisation And Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties Of Materials, Permanent Magnets And Electromagnets
6	Electromagnetic Induction Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive Force, Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study, Eddy Currents, Inductance (Self & Mutual), AC Generator
7	Alternating Current Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors – Phasors, AC Voltage Applied to Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to Capacitor, AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Power in AC Circuit, LC Oscillations, Transformers
8	Electromagnetic Waves Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum
9	Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Introduction, Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Dispersion by a Prism, Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight, Optical Instruments
10	Wave Optics Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle, Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment, Diffraction, Polarisation
11	Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter, Davisson and Germer Experiment
12	Atoms Introduction, Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom, DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
13	Nuclei Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy
14	Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier, Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes, Digital Electronics and Logic Gates

Goa Board Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

Candidates can check the detailed syllabus for Goa board class 12 Chemistry below:

Chapter Numbers	Chapter Names
1	Solid State Classification of Solids Based on Different Binding Forces: Molecular, Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Solids, Amorphous and Crystalline Solids (Elementary Idea). Unit Cell in Two Dimensional And Three Dimensional Lattices, Calculation of Density of Unit Cell, Packing in Solids, Packing Efficiency, Voids, Number of Atoms Per Unit Cell in a Cubic Unit Cell, Point Defects
2	Solutions Types of Solutions, Expression of Concentration of Solutions of Solids In Liquids, Solubility of Gases in Liquids, Solid Solutions, Raoult’s Law, Colligative Properties – Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression ofzing Point, Osmotic Pressure, Determination of Molecular Masses Using Colligative Properties
3	Electrochemistry Redox Reactions, EMF of a Cell, Standard Electrode Potential, Nernst Equation and Its Application to Chemical Cells, Relation Between Gibbs Energy Change and EMF of a Cell, Conductance In Electrolytic Solutions, Specific and Molar Conductivity, Variations of Conductivity with Concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, Electrolysis
4	Chemical Kinetics Rate of a Reaction (Average And Instantaneous), Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction: Concentration, Temperature, Catalyst; Order and Molecularity of a Reaction, Rate Law and Specific Rate Constant, Integrated Rate Equations and Half-Life (Only For Zero And First Order Reactions)
5	Surface Chemistry Adsorption – Physisorption and Chemisorption, Factors Affecting Adsorption of Gases on Solids, Colloidal State: Distinction Between True Solutions, Colloids and Suspension; Lyophilic, Lyophobic, Multi-Molecular and Macromolecular Colloids; Properties of Colloids; Tyndall Effect, Brownian Movement, Electrophoresis, Coagulation
7	p-Block Elements Group 15 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Oxidation States, Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties; Nitrogen Preparation Properties and Uses; Compounds of Nitrogen: Preparation and Properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid. Group 16 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Oxidation States, Occurrence, Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties, Dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and Uses, Classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -Allotropic Forms; Compounds of Sulphur: Preparation Properties and Uses of Sulphur-Dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: Properties and Uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures Only). Group 17 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Oxidation States, Occurrence, Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties; Compounds of Halogens, Preparation, Properties and Uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid, Interhalogen Compounds, Oxoacids of Halogens (Structures Only). Group 18 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses
8	d-block and f-block Elements General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence and Characteristics of Transition Metals, General Trends in Properties of the First Row Transition Metals – Metallic Character, Ionisation Enthalpy, Oxidation States, Ionic Radii, Colour, Catalytic Property, Magnetic Properties, Interstitial Compounds, Alloy Formation. Lanthanoids – Electronic Configuration, Oxidation States and Lanthanoid Contraction and Its Consequences
9	Coordination Compounds Coordination Compounds – Introduction, Ligands, Coordination Number, Colour, Magnetic Properties and Shapes, Iupac Nomenclature of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds. Bonding, Werner’s Theory, VBT, and CFT
10	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, Nature of C–X Bond, Physical and Chemical Properties, Optical Rotation Mechanism of Substitution Reactions. Haloarenes: Nature of C–X Bond, Substitution Reactions (Directive Influence of Halogen In Monosubstituted Compounds Only)
11	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Alcohols: Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties (of Primary Alcohols Only), Identification of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols, Mechanism of Dehydration. Phenols: Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Acidic Nature of Phenol, Electrophilic Substitution Reactions, Uses of Phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses
12	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, Nature of Carbonyl Group, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Mechanism of Nucleophilic Addition, Reactivity of Alpha Hydrogen in Aldehydes, Uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, Acidic Nature, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses
13	Amines Amines: Nomenclature, Classification, Structure, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Uses, Identification of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amines.
14	Biomolecules Classification (Aldoses And Ketoses), Monosaccharides (Glucose and Fructose), D-L Configuration Proteins -Elementary Idea of – Amino Acids, Peptide Bond, Polypeptides, Proteins, Structure of Proteins – Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Structure and Quaternary Structures (Qualitative Idea Only), Denaturation of Proteins. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Goa Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus

The below table consists of a detailed syllabus for Goa board Class 12 Biology:

Unit Number	Unit Name	Chapter Name	Topics
1	Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	Flower Structure, Development of Male and Female Gametophyte, Pollination – Types, Agencies and Examples; Outbreeding Devices, Pollen-Pistil Interaction; Double Fertilisation, Post-Fertilisation Events, Development of Endosperm and Embryo, Development of Seed and Formation of Fruit; Special Modes – Apomixis, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony, Significance of Seed Dispersal and Fruit Formation
		Human Reproduction	Male and Female Reproductive System; Microscopic Anatomy of Testis and Ovary; Gametogenesis – Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle, Fertilisation Embryo Development Upto Blastocyst Formation, Implantation, Pregnancy and Placenta Formation (Elementary Idea), Parturition (Elementary Idea) Lactation (Elementary Idea)
		Reproductive Health	Need for Reproductive Health and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds); Birth Control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)
2	Genetics and Evolution	Principles of Inheritance and Variation	Heredity and Variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism – Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleles and Inheritance of Blood Groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary Idea of Polygenic Inheritance; Chromosome Theory of Inheritance; Chromosomes and Genes; Sex Determination – In Human Being Birds and Honey Bee; Linkage and Crossing Over; Sex Linked Inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour Blindness; Mendelian Disorders in Humans – Thalassemia; Chromosomal Disorders In Humans; Down’s Syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s Syndromes
		Molecular Basis of Inheritance	Search for Genetic Material and DNA as Genetic Material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA Packaging; DNA Replication; Central Dogma; Transcription, Genetic Code, Translation; Gene Expression and Regulation – Lac Operon; Genome, Human and Rice Genome Projects; DNA Fingerprinting
3	Biology and Human Welfare	Human Health and Diseases	Pathogens; Parasites Causing Human Diseases (Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common Cold, Amoebiasis, Ringworm) and Their Control; Basic Concepts of Immunology – Vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – Drug and Alcohol Abuse
		Microbes in Human Welfare	Microbes in Food Processing, Industrial Production, Sewage Treatment, Energy Generation and Microbes as BioControl Agents and Bio-Fertilizers. Antibiotics; Production and Judicious Use
4	Biotechnology and its Applications	Biotechnology – Principles and Processes	Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology)
		Biotechnology and its Application	Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture: Human Insulin and Vaccine Production, Stem Cell Technology, Gene Therapy: Genetically Modified Organisms – BT Crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety Issues, Biopiracy and Patents
5	Ecology and Environment	Organisms and Populations	Organisms and Environment: Habitat and Niche, Population and Ecological Adaptations; Population Interactions – Mutualism, Competition, Predation, Parasitism; Population Attributes – Growth, Birth Rate and Death Rate, Age Distribution
		Biodiversity and its Conservation	Biodiversity – Concept, Patterns, Importance; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, Endangered Organisms, Extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries And Ramsar Sites

Goa Board Class 12 Commerce and Arts Syllabus

Students can find links to the syllabus of various subjects in Commerce and Arts below:

Subject Name	Links
Accountancy	Goa Board Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
Business Studies	Goa Board Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
Economics	Goa Board Class 12 Economics Syllabus
Statistics	Goa Board Class 12 Statistics Syllabus
History	Goa Board Class 12 History Syllabus
Geography	Goa Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus
Geology	Goa Board Class 12 Geology Syllabus
Political Science	Goa Board Class 12 Political Science Syllabus

Note: Please visit the official website of Goa Board for the most recent syllabus.

Goa Board Class 12 Physics Blueprint

The below table gives the blueprint for Class 12 Goa Board Physics:

	Knowledge				Understanding				Application				Total
Unit	VSA (1)	SA (2)	SA (3)	LA (4)	VSA (1)	SA (2)	SA (3)	LA (4)	VSA (1)	SA (2)	SA (3)	LA (4)
Electrostatics	Q1	–	Q22 (2)	–	–	–	Q16	–	Q7	–	Q22 (1)	–	8
Current Electricity	–	–	–	–	Q2	Q9	–	–	–	–	Q19	–	6
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	–	–	–	24 (3)	6	–	23	–	–	–	–	24 (1)	8
Electromagnetic Induction and AC	–	–	18	–	5	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	6
Electromagnetic waves	–	8	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
Ray Optics and Wave Optics	–	–	20	25 (3)	–	–	–	25 (1)	3	15	–	–	10
Dual Nature of Matter	–	–	–	–	–	11	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
Atoms and Nuclei	–	–	–	–	–	–	21	–	–	14	–	–	5
Semiconductors	–	–	–	–	–	13	17	–	4	–	–	–	6
Communication Systems	–	12	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2
Marks	1	4	8	6	3	6	12	1	3	6	4	1
Total Marks	19				22				14				55

Goa Board Class 12 Chemistry Blueprint

The below table gives the blueprint for the Class 12 Goa Board Chemistry exam:

Blueprint for Class 12 Term 1

Unit Number	Unit	Marks
1	Solid State	10
2	Solutions
3	p-Block Elements	10
4	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	15
5	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
6	Biomolecules
	Total Marks	35

Blueprint for Class 12 Term 2

Unit Number	Unit	Marks
1	Electrochemistry	13
2	Chemical Kinetics
3	Surface Chemistry
4	d-and f-Block Element	9
5	Coordination Compounds
6	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	13
7	Amines
	Total Marks	35

Goa Board Class 12 Biology Blueprint

The below table gives the blueprint for Class 12 Goa Board Biology exam:

Unit Name	Chapter Name	Chapter Wise Marks	Total Marks
Reproduction	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	05	14
	Human Reproduction	05
	Reproductive Health	04
Genetics and Evolution	Principles of Inheritance and Variations	09	18
	Molecular Basis of Inheritance	09
Biology and Human Welfare	Human Health and Diseases	08	14
	Microbes in Human Welfare	06
Biotechnology and its Applications	Biotechnology – Principles and Processes	07	12
	Biotechnology and its Applications	05
Ecology and Environment	Organisms and Populations	08	12
	Biodiversity and its Conservation	04
		Total Marks	70

Goa Board Class 12 Mathematics Blueprint

The below table gives the blueprint for Class 12 Goa Board Mathematics exam:

Unit	Chapters	No Of Different Type of Questions	Marks Allotted	Topic Wise Marks
1	Relations and Functions	SA 1 – 2	4	4
	Inverse Trigonometric functions	MCQ -1 SA2 – 1	1 3	4
2	Matrices	SA1 – 1 LA1 – 1	2 4	6
	Determinants	LA1 – 1	4	4
3	Continuity & Derivatives	MCQ – 1 SA2 -3	1 9	10
	Applications of Derivatives	MCQ – 1 LA2 – 1	1 5	6
	Integration	SA1 – 1 SA2 – 1 LA1- 1 LA2 – 1	2 3 4 5	14
	Application of Integration	LA1 -1	4	4
	Differential Equations	MCQ – 2 LA1- 1	2 4	6
4	Vectors	SA1- 1 SA2 -1	2 3	5
	3 Dimensional Geometry	MCQ- 1 SA1 – 1 LA1 – 1	1 2 4	7
5	Linear Programming	LA1- 1	4	4
6	Probability	MCQ- 1 SA1 – 1 SA2 – 1	1 2 3	6
	Total Marks	30	80	80

Note: There will be no term-wise exams.

Goa Board Class 12 Practical/Experiments List

Below is the list of practicals for the subjects Physics, Chemistry and Biology:

Goa Board Class 12 Practical Component for Physics

• At least 8 experiments are to be performed (4 from each section).
• At least 6 activities to be demonstrated by the teacher (3 from each section). 
• No investigatory project.

Section A Experiments

1. To determine the resistivity of two/three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current. 
2. To find the resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using a metre bridge.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge. OR To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
4. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using a potentiometer. 
5. To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer.
6. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
7. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same OR To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range and to verify the same.
8. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Section A Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source. 
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and the circuit diagram.

Section B Experiments

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens. 
5. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and angle of deviation. 
6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find the refractive index of a liquid by using a convex lens and a plane mirror. 
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias. 
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.

Section B Activities

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items. 
2. Use a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in the case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance from the source) on an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe polarisation of light using two Polaroids.
6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Goa Board Class 12 Practical Component for Chemistry

Students should present:

• (a) Minimum of 4 volumetric exercises.
• (b) 10 inorganic qualitative analyses.

Volumetric Analysis (No dilution)	8 marks
Salt Analysis	10 marks
Journal	2 marks
Total	20 marks

Goa Board Class 12 Practical Component for Biology

List of Experiments 

Section A – Physiology Experiment 

1. To determine the pH and water holding capacity of a garden or paddy field soil. 
2. To detect the presence of phosphate, nitrate and sulphate salts in paddy field soil. 
3. To study B.O.D. of the given sample of pond water.
4. To study the effect of different temperatures on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
5. To study the effects of different pH on the action of salivary amylase on starch.

Section B – Preparation of Temporary Stained Slide 

1. Onion root tip for mitosis 
2. Onion/Rheo anther for meiosis

Section C – Identification/Spotting 

1. Adaptations in insect-pollinated flower (Ocimum/Leucas/Salvia) 
2. Adaptations in wind-pollinated flower (Maize/Grass) 
3. Study of T.S. of Testis (Any vertebrate) 
4. Study of T.S. of Ovary (Any vertebrate) 
5. Study of V.S. of Blastula (Any vertebrate) 
6. Prepared pedigree chart of inability to roll the tongue 
7. Prepared pedigree chart of Widow’s peak
8. Identification of organisms and symptoms of disease caused:
   • a) Ascaris
   • b) Entamoeba
   • c) Plasmodium
9. Adaptation of plants to dry conditions (Suitable specimen to be given)
10. Adaptation of plants to aquatic conditions (Suitable specimen to be given) 
11. Adaptation of animals to dry conditions (Suitable specimen/chart/model to be given) 
12. Adaptation of animals to aquatic conditions (Suitable specimen to be given)

Pattern of Practical Examination and Marks Distribution

Q1	Any one physiology experiment	06 marks
Q2	Any one temporary stained mount of the given material	04 marks
Q3	Identification of 6 Specimens	06 marks
Q4	Laboratory record/Journal and Viva	04 marks
	Total Marks	20 marks

Below are some highly effective and important tips that can help you score good marks in your Class 12 exams:

• Keep in mind that you are your own competition. Make an effort to outperform yourself. Practice difficult concepts in the form of tests. If you got a 50 percent in your last exam, try to beat that by getting a 60 percent in the next one. Defeat the previous percentage and strive for higher scores at all times. Rather than focusing on individual topic grades, aim for a higher overall percentage rise. This can help you analyse the specific areas you want to improve in, which can help you improve your scores and percentages.
• In critical periods in life, maintaining a good attitude is crucial. With this mindset, many complex situations can be readily solved. With a positive attitude, it is possible to retain high levels of confidence and pass even the most difficult exams with flying colours. For Class 12 exams, having a positive attitude and a high level of confidence can help you breeze through difficult topics.
• We spend most of our time engaged in the countless reference books available for each subject. These helpful books aid in acquiring a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the subject. On the other hand, most pupils study through reference materials rather than from the core curriculum book. According to experts, sticking to the key syllabus content and studying all the themes in the book is always a good idea. Remember, only the syllabus book is used to create board questions.
• Determine the weak areas and begin improving them so that they do not have an impact on the overall percentage. The most common mistake made by pupils is that they do not want to study the subjects they are weak in. Rather than ignoring the topic, identify your weak points and work to strengthen them so that you can excel in them in relevant subjects.

Goa Board Class 12 Detailed Study Plan

• Class 12 exam is a milestone exam in every student’s academic career. So, begin planning for it right now. Mastering excellent time management skills is one of the most important components of board exam preparation. Make a daily schedule for yourself that you must adhere to. Make the most of whatever study time you have because it will help you improve your grades significantly. Invest at least 8 hours per day in your studies. Each subject should be given equal time to ensure that all topics are covered.
• Students can benefit greatly from previous years’ question papers. It has been observed that pupils who have practised previous years’ question papers perform significantly better in board exams than students who have not done so. Solve old question papers while keeping the time limit in mind. Don’t solve the question paper in sections or take more time than is necessary. This might not be the best way to achieve the goal. While working on the paper, act as if you’re in the exam hall. It’s likely that you won’t be able to correct your mistakes right away, but with practice, you’ll be able to do so. The simplest thing to do is to practice the last 10 years of question papers.
• It is self-evident that a neat answer sheet receives higher grades than a shabby one. Many students repeatedly cross lines and words within the answer page, obstructing the sheet’s neatness and cleanliness. Many students overlook these minor details, which can help you score a few more points in your board exams. And these extra points go a long way toward increasing the overall percentage.
• It goes without saying that the exam period is extremely stressful. Therefore, it’s critical that you look after your health during this time. Eat well, get enough rest, and engage in activities that relax the mind. This is critical because if your health isn’t in good shape, you won’t be able to cope with the stress of exams.

The Goa Board will release the Class 12 result 2024 in the month of May/June 2024. Students are advised to keep visiting this page for the latest results updates. 

Details Mentioned on GBSHSE Class 12 Results The following details will be mentioned on the Goa Board Class 12 Result scorecard:

• Roll Number
• Name
• Parents’ Names
• Subject Names
• Marks Scored in Theory and Practical Exams
• Subject-wise Marks
• Total Marks
• Division

Some of the frequently asked questions are given below:

Q: Who can apply for Goa Board HSSC 2024 exams?
Ans: Students who have passed Class 11 and are currently studying in Class 12 in a school affiliated with the Goa Board are eligible for the HSSC exams. It is also expected that they have a minimum attendance of 75%.

Q: Can a student apply for a change in the Goa Board 12th exam centre?
Ans: No, a student cannot request a change in the Goa Board HSSC exam centre because the centre is assigned based on the student’s preferences on the application form.

Q: When will the Goa HSSC date sheet 2024 for supplementary exams be released?
Ans: Goa HSSC date sheet 2024 for supplementary exams will be released after the Goa board result 2024 announcement. 

Q: Is it possible for me to apply for a duplicate Class 12 mark sheet from the Goa board?
Ans: You can apply for a duplicate mark sheet by filling in the prescribed application form and sending it together with the required papers and fees.

Q: Where can I get my Goa Board Class 12 timetable 2024?
Ans: Students can refer to the Goa Board Class 12 timetable 2024 from this article.

Below is the list of schools affiliated with the Goa Board for Class 12:

College Name	Location
Ambedkar Higher Secondary School	Colvale, North Goa
Adarsh Higher Secondary School	Margao, South Goa
Adarsh V V High School	Margao, North Goa
AJD Almeida Higher Secondary School	Ponda, North Goa
Alorna Panchakroshi School	Pernem, North Goa
Angels Higher Secondary School	South Goa
Anjuman Himayatul Islam Higher Secondary School	South Goa
Anjuman Islahul Muslameen Higher Secondary School	South Goa
Assagao Union Higher Secondary School	North Goa
Auxilium Convent Higher Secondary School	Benaulim, South Goa
Bal Priya Educational School	Porvorim, North Goa
Bhagwati Higher Secondary School	Pernem, North Goa
Bhumika Higher Secondary School	Sattari, North Goa
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya	Valpoi, North Goa
Dada Vaidya Higher Secondary School	Ponda, North Goa
Litera Primary Zee School	Zuarinagar, Vasco, Goa

Class 12 exam is the qualifying criteria for most of the entrance exams taking place for admission to professional courses and other undergraduate programmes. Below is the list of future exams that a student can appear for after Class 12:

Stream	Exam
Engineering	Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Main JEE Advanced Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test (BITSAT) entrance exam COMED-K IPU-CET (B. Tech) Manipal (B. Tech) VITEEE AMU (B. Tech) NDA Entrance with PCM (MPC)
Medical	National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) AIIMS JIPMER
Defence Services	Indian Maritime University Common Entrance Test Indian Navy B. Tech Entry Scheme Indian Army Technical Entry Scheme (TES) National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I)
Fashion and Design	National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Entrance Test National Institute of Design Admissions All India Entrance Examination for Design (AIEED) Symbiosis Institute of Design Exam Footwear Design and Development Institute Maeer’s MIT Institute of Design National Institute of Fashion Design National Aptitude Test in Architecture Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT)
Social Sciences	Banaras Hindu University IIT Madras Humanities and Social Sciences Entrance Examination (HSEE) TISS Bachelors Admission Test (TISS-BAT)
Law	Common-Law Admission Test All India Law Entrance Test (AILET)
Science	Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY) National Entrance Screening Test (NEST)
Mathematics	Indian Statistical Institute Admission Admissions to Universities Various B. Sc. Programs Banasthali Vidyapith Admission