| 1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry | General Introduction: Importance and Scope of Chemistry. Atomic and Molecular Masses. Mole Concept and Molar Mass; Percentage Composition and Empirical and Molecular Formula; Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry and Calculations Based on Stoichiometry. |
| 2. Structure of Atom | Bohr’s Model and Its Limitations, the Concept of Shells and Sub-shells, Dual-nature of Matter and Light, de Broglie’s Relationship; Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the Concept of Orbitals, Quantum Numbers, Shapes of S, P and D Orbitals; Rules for Filling Electrons in Orbitals -Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Rule, Electronic Configuration of Atoms, Stability of Half-filled and Completely Filled Orbitals. |
| 3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in properties | Modern Periodic Law and the Present Form of the Periodic Table, Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements —Atomic Radii, Ionic Radii, Inert Gas Radii, Ionization Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, valence. Nomenclature of Elements With Atomic Number Greater Than 100. |
| 4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure | Valence Electrons, Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Bond Parameters, Lewis Structure, the Polar Character of Covalent Bond, the Covalent Character of Ionic Bond, Valence Bond Theory, Resonance, the Geometry of Covalent Molecules, Vsepr Theory, the Concept of Hybridization Involving S, P and D Orbitals and Shapes of Some Simple Molecules, Molecular Orbital Theory of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules (Qualitative Idea Only). Hydrogen Bond. |
| 5. States of Matter: Gases and Liquids | Three States of Matter, Intermolecular Interactions, Types of Bonding, Melting and Boiling Points, the Role of Gas Laws in Elucidating the Concept of the Molecule, Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law, Gay Lussac’s Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Behaviour, Empirical Derivation of Gas Equation, Avogadro’s Number, Ideal Gas Equation. Deviation From Ideal Behaviour. Liquid State —Vapour Pressure, Viscosity and Surface Tension (Qualitative Idea Only, No Mathematical Derivations) |
| 6. Thermodynamics | Concepts of System, Types of Systems, Surroundings, Work, Heat, Energy, Extensive and Intensive Properties, and State functions. The First Law of Thermodynamics — Internal Energy and Enthalpy, Measurement of ∆U and ∆H, Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation, Enthalpy of Bond Dissociation, Combustion, Formation, Atomization, Sublimation, Phase Transition; Ionization, Solution and Dilution. Introduction of Entropy as a State Function, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs Energy Change for Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Processes.third Law of Thermodynamics – Brief Introduction. |
| 7. Equilibrium | Equilibrium in Physical and Chemical Processes, Dynamic Nature of Equilibrium, the Law of Mass Action, Equilibrium Constant, Factors Affecting Equilibrium —Le Chatelier’s Principle; Ionic Equilibrium—Ionization of Acids and Bases, Strong and Weak Electrolytes, Degree of Ionization, Ionization of Polybasic Acids, Acid Strength, the Concept of PH, Buffer Solutions, Solubility Product, Common Ion Effect (With- Illustrative Examples). |
| 8. Redox reactions | Concept of Oxidation and Reduction, Redox Reactions, Oxidation Number, Balancing Redox Reactions in Terms of Loss and Gain of Electrons and Change in Oxidation Numbers. |
| 9. Hydrogen | Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table, Occurrence, Isotopes; Hydrides — Ionic, Covalent and Interstitial; Physical and Chemical Properties of Water, Heavy Water; Hydrogen as a Fuel. |
| 10. Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals) | Group 1 and Group 2 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Anomalous Properties of the First Element of Each Group, Diagonal Relationship, Trends in the Variation of Properties (Such as Ionization Enthalpy, Atomic and Ionic Radii), Trends in Chemical Reactivity With Oxygen, Water, Hydrogen and Halogens; Uses. |
| 11. Some p-Block Elements | General Introduction to p-block elements. Group 13 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Variation of Properties, Oxidation States, Trends in Chemical Reactivity, Anomalous Properties of the First Element of the Group; Boron-physical and Chemical properties. Group 14 Elements: General Introduction, Electronic Configuration, Occurrence, Variation of Properties, Oxidation States, Trends in Chemical Reactivity, Anomalous Behaviour of the First Element. Carbon – Catenation, Allotropic Forms, Physical and Chemical Properties. |
| 12. Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques | General Introduction, Classification and Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Electronic Displacements in a Covalent Bond-. Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance and Hyperconjugation. Homolytic and Heterolytic Fission of a Covalent Bond: Radicals, Carbocation. |
| 13. Hydrocarbons | Classification of Hydrocarbons – Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkanes — Nomenclature, Isomerism, Conformations (Ethane Only), Physical Properties, Chemical Reactions. Alkenes —Nomenclature, the Structure of Double Bond (Ethene), Geometrical Isomerism, Physical Properties, Methods of Preparation; Chemical Reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, Halogen, Water, Hydrogen Halides (Markovnikov’s Addition and Peroxide Effect), Ozonolysis, Oxidation, Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition.alkynes —Nomenclature, the Structure of Triple Bond (Ethyne), Physical Properties, Methods of Preparation, Chemical Reactions: Acidic Character of Alkynes, Addition Reaction Of – Hydrogen, Halogens, Hydrogen Halides and Water. Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, Iupac Nomenclature; Benzene: Resonance, Aromaticity, Chemical Properties: Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution— Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel Craft’s Alkylation and Acylation; Directive Influence of the Functional Group in Mono-substituted Benzene; Carcinogenicity and Toxicity. |